Daily Archives: October 19, 2012

Filming the Fourth Act

“The Creature stands.
Comes for her.”
~ Alien shooting script.

Thinking she is safe after the destruction of the Nostromo, and presumably the Alien, Ripley undresses and prepares to enter hypersleep. As Twentieth Century Fox would have it, they preferred the movie end there – everything bar the shuttle had been shot, and the budget was tight. Ridley was six weeks behind schedule, and Ridley himself claimed on the Blade Runner commentary that he would finally go $500,00 over-budget. “The film was meant to be over,” says Scott on the 2003 commentary, “but clearly, you cannot end the film here.”

“I felt that the film could not end here [with the Nostromo explosion.] There was a big battle, ‘That’s it, the film’s over!’ I felt … you can’t end the film here. It’s not that simple, because for her to sit in the seat, [and] take off, it just didn’t make sense … I knew what to do, and said, ‘The Alien has to be in this craft, so it’s like the fourth act.’ They [the producers] felt it was overkill, and I said, ‘Really, you need overkill.’”
~ Ridley Scott, Alien commentary, 1999.

Alien‘s climatic ‘fourth act’ was always scripted. In Dan O’Bannon’s script, the Alien ambushes Roby/Ripley just as the shuttle launches, but there was no lull in the action in the written versions that would constitute breaking from a third to a ‘fourth act’. Fighting against the producers and Twentieth Century Fox, Ridley got his fourth act – the Narcissus scenes were the last to be filmed, and were shot on a refitted Nostromo bridge set rather than a newly built one.

“With Alien, we had big arguments over the last three reels of the film. Some people felt they were just too much. I know it’s never too much, not when you get a proper balance. You’ve got to keep topping yourself. So if you start at a level that’s already pretty heated, you’ve got to keep going and going. That is the nature of this film. I was always slightly concerned about overkill. But I desperately wanted this outrageous ending, you know. Not a ludicrous ending but an outrageous ending. And I knew that it was very important to hold that in after everything else had happened. In a way it’s a bit like a release as well. Shooting him [the Alien] in the chest and letting him fly away is not enough. But this is one of the big lessons I’ve learned: you must stick to your own mental ground. If you’re sure about something, you’ve got to stick with it. It’s very easy to get talked out of things.”
~ Ridley Scott.

Wanting to trick the audience into a false sense of security, the production scrapped the idea of the creature immediately leaping for Ripley and brainstormed on where to hide the beast.

“Originally, we thought the Alien would be hiding in the closet in the lifeboat [for the surprise ending]. But then Ridley said, ‘Can’t we beat that? Can’t it be somewhere she and the audience can’t see it, and it just emerges?’ So at the end of shooting every day, we changed the set around the monster. He’d lay in there and we’d rebuild the set over and over. Every time, it looked like Mad magazine – you could see [the Alien] was two feet away from her! The guy who played the monster would lay there for hours and hours and we’d shoot it and look at it the next day and say, ‘This is stupid; we’ll never disguise it.’ The trick that really made it work was the head. Finally, somebody got the idea, ‘We’ll put an air vent that looks like its head above and below it, so when the hand comes out, it’s not coming from behind anywhere – he’s in the wall.’ We had just built that. We didn’t know if it worked. So Ridley said, ‘Let’s get the guy back in here.’ We yelled for him – and he was in the wall! We were shot with our own arrow – we jumped a mile! So we filmed it, and it worked perfectly.”
~ Ron Shusett.

The crew were given a few days to film the sequences aboard the Narcissus. “There were constant arguments,” said Ridley. “‘You don’t need this – You don’t need this ending – You don’t need this cat here.’ All that sort of thing. Always quite a lot of conflict about whether one is finished with those particular scenes or not, but I usually managed to somehow get it.”

“Everything was done in a rush at that stage. When the Alien is shot out the back door, we were allotted a day and a half’s shooting. What’s seen on screen is the test. That is madness. I’d take four days to do the same thing properly in a television commercial! Madness! If I’d gotten it totally wrong we’d have re-done it, but they said it was good enough. That was heard a lot on this film. ‘Don’t go any further, that’s good enough. Nobody’s going to notice it.’ Well, I notice it.”
~ Ridley Scott.

The major difficulty with the Narcissus scenes was having the Alien slip out of the walls and land on the floor with the suit remaining intact. “Bursting out of that compartment wasn’t easy,” claimed Alien actor, Bolaji Badejo. “I must’ve ripped the suit two or three times coming out, and each time I’d climb down, the tail would rip off! But it wasn’t much of a problem for them, because they had more suits. I remember I had to repeat that action for about fifteen takes. Finally, I said, ‘No more!’ There was a lot of smoke, it was hard to breathe, and it was terribly hot.”

“Shooting this [the Alien in the wall sequence] with the strobes going, you’re getting a stroboscopic effect on the Alien, so he’s kind of jumping because I think in the strobe you’re losing some frames, it’s an illusion but I think it helped. I love that as you see him slither out from the wall, whilst it’s humanoid, it’s spooky. They say you don’t see enough of the Alien – I think you see plenty of the Alien, and besides he is humanoid, because if the Alien had originally jumped on the cat, then the Alien would have been a version of the cat, and so on.”
~ Ridley Scott, Alien commentary, 1999.

More extreme stunts that had been scripted and story-boarded were eventually nixed due to the extreme lack of time and budget. The film’s finale would have seen the harpooned Alien battle Ripley outside the Narcissus, before the Alien is finally immolated in the ship’s engines.

“The Alien was going to be blown out of the door of the Narcissus,” explained Ridley, “with Ripley trailing after it. It was an outrageous ending, but I thought it was wonderful. I thought it had to happen, but only if it could be so believably done that it would be real. It had to become so outrageous that it would want to make you cheer or clap.

While Bolaji Badejo played the Alien as it slumbered inside the shuttle walls, the ejected Alien was played by stuntman Roy Scammell.

Ridley directing the crew prior to filming the finale. “Roy Scammell is the stuntman who fell on elastic and then got pulled back up,” Ridley explained on the 1999 DVD commentary. Scammell was dropped from the upside-down Narcissus set and then hauled up again to simulate the Alien drawing itself along the harpoon wire, pulling itself back towards the ship. In return, Ripley blasts the Alien with the shuttle’s engines. “There’s the water effect of the engines going on which I thought was particularly successful … it’s a plasma engine of course.” For the effect of the Alien being expelled by the blast, the crew “cut him loose and then [let him] drop, [and] he just clipped me, nearly knocked me out when they dropped him.”

The ejected Alien. According to Giger, the producers insisted on a full-body shot of the creature for the finale. However brief, the shot perhaps shows too much of the stiff rubber suit. “What I didn’t like much was the end of the film when you can see that the Alien is just a man in a rubber suit,” said Giger. “But the people at Twentieth Century Fox thought that a full figure shot was needed.”

Though detailed in the script and storyboarded by Ridley, the disintegration of the Alien is not seen onscreen, very likely due to, again, time and budget.

Ripley and the Alien tussle outside the Narcissus …

She takes aim with a pistol …

… injures the Alien …

… allowing her the opportunity to get back inside the Narcissus and lock the Alien out …

… she turns on the thrusters, which catch the Alien in their path …

… and the Alien is utterly disintegrated.

In a cheeky move, Ridley sketched a possible sequel hint, showing another Alien life-form attached to the Narcissus as the shuttle leaves the other destroyed creature behind (such an ending is present in O’Bannon’s draft). Needless to say, this wasn’t filmed either, though Giger, in an interview with Famous Monsters magazine, once suggested otherwise: “Oh, yes. There was an egg on board [the Narcissus]. Once we showed a preview audience a final scene where there was a cocoon in a corner of the shuttle. That was very nice but now it is no more. There were a lot of different ideas in the original version that they thought it was best to take out. I don’t know whether it was a good idea to take it all out. I just saw some rushes and they looked good. But if Ridley decided to take it out, then it should have been taken out, because I think he is a genius.”

Aside from Giger’s quote on this, the anecdote hasn’t been corroborated anywhere else. Given the extreme nature of that day and a half’s shooting, this can likely be chalked up to something misremembered. Either way, here’s the storyboard for the shot:

Stowaway.

“We were pretty well on budget with Alien,” Scott said in an interview with Paul M. Sammon in 1996, “but the film was budgeted at $8.9 million and we went to $9.2 or $9.4. So I went about $500,000 over budget … mostly because of one scene. Because certain people didn’t want to do the end capsule, ‘Sleeping Beauty’ scene of Alien. I said, ‘Are you kidding? We must shoot this! That is the real last act!’ … So I walked into Blade Runner from Alien, believe it or not, with a tiny reputation for being excessive. And I thought, ‘Well jeez, if that’s all it takes to get his reputation, guys, I’ll be excessive.'”

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Queenburster

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Aside from the host animal from which Alien 3‘s monster emerges, two other changes between the theatrical and assembly cuts are worth noting: firstly, we are introduced to a new facehugger within the latter cut; an obsidian, armour-plated Queen-maker known as the superfacehugger. Secondly, the Queen-embryo manages a Pyrrhic birth in the theatrical cut’s finale, erupting from Ripley’s chest as she plummets into the prison furnace. In the assembly cut, the birth was removed, as per David Fincher’s original wishes.

After Aliens‘ release, James Cameron outlined the growth and maturation of his Alien Queen in Starlog magazine as thus: “an immature female, one of the first to emerge, grows to become a new Queen … Subsequent female larvae remain dormant or are killed … or biochemically sense that a Queen exists and change into males to limit waste.” The gender distinction is slightly confusing, considering that the Queen does not require a mate to breed and is therefore asexual/hermaphroditic, but we have always struggled somewhat without gender-specific labels. We can reconcile this entire idea by substituting gender with ‘ability to breed’. With a mature Queen present, the other Aliens ‘switch off’ their reproductive abilities until such powers are necessary; say, upon the death of the matriarch figure—an immature Alien could moult and become a Queen or, whilst in the process of this, morph the bodies of other entities into eggs, as seen in Alien‘s deleted materials. Of course, most if not all of this is rendered moot in Alien 3, where the Queen is a royal egg-maker from its very beginning within the host’s chest.

“We designed what we called the superfacehugger,” explained Tom Woodruff. “It was supposed to be a new strain of facehugger, presumably one which could implant the seed of a Queen. It was much bigger than the regular facehugger, had translucent webbing between the fingers, and was heavily armoured with plates and spines. It was cast out of urethane and had an armature inside built to look like bones. It was articulated so you could put it in any position, but it was never meant to be seen alive.”

“Super-facehugger” prop.

The design of this creature probably has its origins in some of Giger’s aquatic facehugger designs, which is darkly coloured and sports webbed limbs for swimming. “There was an idea that was originally banded about because they needed to frame the specialness of the Queen,” said Fincher. “The original montage onboard the Sulaco was planned with a facehugger [sic – embryo] that was going to crawl out of Newt’s mouth. I’d seen that effect in The Company of Wolves and it just always looks like a rubber casting of someone’s head with somebody else’s fist being forced through it. I just never thought it would work.” The aforementioned scene made it into the comic book adaptation.

Confusion abounds among the differing cuts of Alien 3. In the theatrical release, a facehugger impregnates Ripley with a Queen embryo, and then goes on to defy franchise rules by impregnating another life-form, a colony dog, with a regular embryo. In the assembly cut, a new creature called the superfacehugger impregnates Ripley with a Queen embryo and the colony’s dog with a regular embryo—which makes for no real distinction in the reproductive abilities between the two creatures. Frustratingly, the body of the facehugger that we’re familiar with from the first two movies is glimpsed in the opening shots of Alien 3‘s assembly cut, which makes for the presence of both of the creatures. Though we would naturally reconcile the presence of both ‘huggers by concluding that Ripley was impregnated by the super variety, and the ox by the non-royal variety, this is rendered moot when the superfacehugger is discovered with the ox, and the other ‘hugger is not seen nor found at all. The latter simply exists in the assembly cut as a continuity mistake. There is also an in-film notion that the rampaging dog/ox-Alien protects Ripley, or at least refrains from harming her, due to her carrying its Queen, but the Alien never takes steps to create a nest (though it does so in one iteration of the script), slaughters all potential hosts, and does not take measures to prevent Ripley from harming herself, such as cocooning her to await the birth.

More controversy abounded during the filming of the movie’s finale. Originally, Fincher had Ripley fall into a vast whiteness, with the Queenburster remaining inert. Ripley then fades into martyrdom. Twentieth Century Fox and producer David Giler however, felt that a money shot was needed, and what better than to see the franchise’s heroine finally succumbing to the franchise’s villain? “The original background had Ripley falling into what was solely white, and had her just dissolving into it,” said special effects producer, Richard Edlund. “It was very stylistic and a much more cinematic ending. It was really quite beautiful, but David Giler came in and told us what he thought of it and that he felt the movie should be bookended by Ripley having a chestburster.”

Queenburster prop. The emerging embryo sports the adult Queen’s crest, long, thin legs, and secondary arms.

“I didn’t want to have the Alien come out,” claimed Fincher. “I still don’t like the idea of the Alien emerging … I never thought it was necessary to show the creature. We showed it to preview audiences and it was voted that we would do this. I was very much against this and dragged my feet and said, ‘I don’t believe in it, I don’t think it is important to see the monster’ … No matter what cathartic experience we could expect from finally seeing the two strongest images from the first movie, the chestburster and the character of Ripley, if we left the movie with her choking on her tongue then the audience would feel worse going out of the film than they do now. I said ‘whatever happens, she has to be a peace at the end. It has to be a sigh rather than gritting teeth and sweat.'” Fincher considered the idea of having Ripley bear a stigmata-like spread of blood across her chest, but “Everyone felt it was too religious.” Finally, Fincher acquiesced and filmed the ‘burster emerging. “So we talked about it and went over and shot this blue-screen element. I don’t know if it works.”

“The chestburster in the original movie was great,” Fincher went on, “because it had been grounded in reality. There was a loss of control there that was really frightening. And the victim was lying on a table, which gave them the ability to do the effect. But we had Ripley standing forty feet in the air with nothing but steam around her for one hundred seventy five feet. How were we going to put this thing on her so she didn’t look like Lou Costello? Sigourney’s a very statuesque woman; and to hang all this stuff on her, as well concealed as it was, just made her look porky all of a sudden. It was inelegant all round.”

In addition to looking silly, the director felt that having Ripley kill herself at the moment of birth robbed her of any actual sacrifice. “If she gets ripped apart before she falls into the fire, that’s not sacrifice, that’s janitorial service,” he said. “To knowingly step into the void carrying this thing within her seemed more regal.”

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Path to Prometheus

""Now that Joss Whedon has turned in his script to the Fox Big Brass and awaits their approval. How much longer do we have to wait for the next Alien sequel? We wish we knew." ~ Cinescape magazine, 1995.

“Now that Joss Whedon has turned in his script to the Fox Big Brass and awaits their approval, how much longer do we have to wait for the next Alien sequel? We wish we knew.”
~ Cinescape magazine, 1995.

Fifteen years lapsed between Alien Resurrection and the next Alien-verse follow-up, Prometheus. As with any of the films post-Aliens, Twentieth Century Fox sought to capitalise and make a sequel immediately;­­­ it was merely a matter of which direction the series ought to take—and the series looked in many directions, from a continuation of Alien Resurrection, to the Alien vs. Predator offshoots and rumours of an Alien remake, before finally settling on a prequel. “It’s the story of creation,” said Ridley Scott, “of the gods, and the man who stood against them …”

In 2007, when asked how he would like to see the series continue, Alien creator Dan O’Bannon was decisive: “I’d like to see it stop.” Tired of endless sequels that would continue to “drain any remaining impact out of the original”, O’Bannon opined that the series had been “played out after the first [sequel]. Cameron, in the first one, did about the only thing that you could do, which was that he switched to a different genre … But once he had done that, there was really nothing left to do. And they just keep squeezing the thing until it’s an empty bag.”

Even series producer Walter Hill referred to Alien 3 as “another complete fucking mess,” and went on to explain, “The studio wanted to crank out another one … David [Giler] and I were a bit sick of it, and wanted to end the whole thing … Fifteen years later, and we’re still in hotel rooms rewriting Alien … We had nothing to do [with Alien Resurrection], didn’t even think it was a good idea for starters, we thought we had ended the series … Personally, I think it’s a lousy movie.”

“With Sigourney Weaver in the lead and James Cameron behind the camera, Alien 4 looks set to restore the genre’s finest fear franchise – with more than a little help from twenty-something screenwriter Joss Whedon. Fresh from polishing the script of Kevin Costner’s mega-budgeted fantasy movie, Waterworld, Whedon resurrects Ripley with the time-honoured sci-fi premise of cloning, and that’s not the only twist he has in store. He says, ‘Is she all woman or is just a little something wrong? The whole intention is that when she comes back from the dead, she has to be larger than life.’ 

Whedon cites the original Alien as the film that’s had more influence on him than any other and promises that Alien 4 will be extraordinary – ‘I want to do an Evil Dead, where it’s really menacing and never stops. I want every scene to contain something special.'”
~ Starburst magazine, 1995. 

Back in 1997, whilst promoting the aforementioned movie, Twentieth Century Fox were confident in the validity of the franchise: “All we can say is that the end of Alien Resurrection points you towards the locale of Alien 5,” Tom Rothman told Entertainment Weekly. Rothman was confident that the Alien sequel train would continue rolling unabated in the wake of Resurrection, which was expected to revitalise the series after the dour turn and critical lashing of Alien 3: “We firmly expect to do another one: Joss Whedon will write it, and we expect to have Sigourney and Winona if they’re up for it.” Whedon himself teased, “There’s a big story to tell in another sequel. The fourth film is really a prologue to a movie set on Earth. Imagine all the things that can happen.”

Alien 5 seemed planned even before Alien Resurrection was shown to audiences. In March 1996 Weaver said, “I am absolutely sure there will be an Alien 5 , because I know how Alien 4 ends. I am the last person who thought I would do another one, but we have a wonderful script. They came up with the most the most provocative situation for Ripley to find herself in. It is very unexpected and will surprise a lot of people and will give me an interesting job.”

Later the next year, Whedon outlined to SFX magazine his plan for approaching Alien 5: “If I write this movie, and it has my writing credits on it, then it’s going to be on Earth … And it’s going to be very different from the last one … The studio talked about Alien Resurrection as a kind of placeholder. They said, ‘We want to do Earth or the big Alien planet, but we’re not convinced yet that this franchise has legs. So we want to do a smaller story.’ I don’t think you can do that with Alien 5. I think the time of people running around in a tin can has passed. You have to work on a broader canvas otherwise it becomes an episode and not a new movie. The way Cameron exploded from the first to the second, you have to do that again, and that means going somewhere new … With Alien Resurrection, I used the first two movies as models, but with this one I can promise you something new, something completely different from what’s been seen before.”

The two prominent ideas for Alien 5 were Aliens-on-Earth, and planet-of-the-Aliens. Aliens running amok on Earth had in fact been advertised as the plot for Alien 3, though no script for such a film ever existed. A trailer proclaiming that, “On Earth everyone can hear you scream,” came and went. Despite anyone’s enthusiasm for an Earth-bound Alien film, Weaver herself claimed no interest in the idea: “The only thing I’m not interested in is going to Earth. I saw that Star Trek movie where they went to Earth and … yawn. I think it’s more fun to go to a foreign planet … Fantasy is what we need!”

Ridley Scott also found the idea of Aliens on Earth to be less enticing than exploring the origin of the creatures: “Earth would be interesting, and there is talk about it … I say we should go back to where the Alien creatures were first found and explain how they were created. No one has ever explained why. I always figured that a battleship carrying bio-mechanical organisms that could be weapons was sent into space with some Space Jockey who didn’t last long.” He elaborated on his vision of Alien 5 further: “I had an idea for a fifth installment in the series. It would be all about the Aliens themselves: what their world and civilization are like. What made them tick. We always thought of that derelict spacecraft, where they found all the eggs in the first one, as a sort of aircraft carrier or bomber. They would drop the eggs on the planets they wanted to conquer, then come back a few years later after the landscape had been ‘cleared,’ so to speak.”

Ridley’s idea about exploring the culture which originated the Aliens was a persistent one. Alien‘s associate producer, and friend to Scott, Ivor Powell, claimed to be fascinated by the same theme: “I would have gone before [Alien], that’s what I find interesting. I want to know who that Space Jockey is. What are the Aliens doing in the silo? Are they armaments, are they shipping them somewhere?” Journalist Paul Sammon, author of Future Noir: The Making of Blade Runner, expressed interest in the same idea, pointing to the untapped lore lying behind the original film: “Despite the fact that there have been four films in the saga so far, there are still all these unanswered questions that the original brought up. Like, what’s the deal with LV-426? Where did the original Alien race come from? Who are they, really? What are they? Who was the Space Jockey? Why did it have all those eggs on a crashed ship? I mean, the first Alien hinted at a whole backstory that hasn’t been explored in the saga yet.”

Despite the intense curiosity in such themes and storylines, Fox was still touting Joss Whedon as the pen behind their planned Alien 5, with Vincenzo Vitali, the director of Cube, briefly rumoured to be aiming for the director’s chair by the Spanish press.

“I remember a young writer friend called me when I was in LA, and he called me from London after the fourth [film] one and said, ‘I’m crying.’ I asked why and he said, ‘I’ve just come out of Alien [Resurrection], and they’ve turned it into a comedy!’ He said, ‘The world of Alien is just going to collapse – this is the end of it.’ And it’s true – you don’t hire a comedy director to make Alien.”
~ Roger Christian, Alien art director, 2010.

However, a frustrated Whedon seemed to have lost interest in a fifth movie after Resurrection‘s release, stating: “I’ll tell you there was a time when I would have been interested in that, but I am not interested in making somebody else’s franchise anymore. Any movie I make will be created by me.” When later asked by a fan at the 1998 San Diego Comic Con about any potential Alien 5 involvement, Whedon replied: “Uhh, that’s a big no. Did you see Alien 4?” Without a writer, the latest proposed sequel seemed stuck, but two series regulars were, briefly, working on a collaborative effort to bring Alien 5 back from development hell.

“Ridley and I talked about doing another Alien film,” James Cameron told AICN in 2006, “and I told Fox that I would develop a fifth Alien film.” Cameron had told the BBC in 2003: “We’re looking at doing another one. Something similar to what we did with Aliens: a bunch of great characters and, of course, Sigourney.” Cameron name-checked Arnold Schwarzenegger as one casting possibility (which would never come to pass regardless of the project’s completion, considering Arnold’s impending governership,) and even Harrison Ford was rumoured. Also in 2003, Cameron spoke to the Houston Chronicle about how Alien 5 should also draw on the uncompromising nature of Ridley’s original movie: “[Alien] holds a special classic niche as one of the great terrifying experiences, and the trick [to making a new Alien film] is you don’t go crazy and make a $150-million movie, because you don’t want to have to compromise, you don’t want to try to do a PG-13 Alien that is all things to everyone. It’s got to still maintain its roots in this kind of cinematic Id. Ridley did it really beautifully. He just kind of put you into this Freudian nightmare in space.”

Though Scott’s interest in returning to the series was lackadaisical even with Cameron working on a script, any co-Cameron/Scott Alien 5 project was eventually put out of order by Fox, who decided to bring the Alien vs. Predator series to the big screen instead. “I was working with another writer,” Cameron explained, “and Fox came back to me and said, ‘We’ve got this really good script for Alien vs. Predator …'”

“Ridley and I talked over lunch maybe 10 years ago and I said, ‘Look, I’ll write it and produce it, you direct it, it’ll fucking kick ass!’ And he was like, ‘Yeah, let’s do it!’ And nothing happened. And then they did Alien vs. Predator, and that kind of pissed in the soup.”
~ James Cameron, Total Film, 2009.

Fox had toiled with bringing the comic book venture to the screen for almost a decade, but it was a pitch by writer/director Paul W.S. Anderson (and an alleged truce of sorts between Alien and Predator‘s producers) that allowed the project to finally go green. Anderson had toyed with Alien-style horror (with a dash of Hellraiser and Solaris) in his 1997 film, Event Horizon. “If you’re going to make a horror movie, it doesn’t get any better than Alien,” he has said. “I’ve been waiting to do a movie with Aliens in it since I was at school, since the first Alien movie came out, since I fell in love with Sigourney Weaver and since the Alien scared the hell out of me.” However, Anderson admitted to Empire magazine that his Alien vs Predator film was not designed to mimic either AlienAliens, nor even Predator: “Hopefully it’s got elements of both, but it’s built to please a younger audience exposed to the video games and comic books.”

Alien vs. Predator has had a torturous history,” Anderson told Empire magazine. “Fox have had a script for it for ten years, ever since Peter Briggs did an adaption of the comic book, and yet they didn’t make it. Alien was still an active franchise and the producers not seeing eye-to-eye was a stumbling block for a long time. I think a lot of them don’t actually get on. But by the time I was involved there was a sense at the studio that they were dead franchises.”

AVP presents possibilities to re-energise both franchises,” Anderson continued. “I set about making a standalone movie that didn’t contradict anything within the original franchises, but fed into them, and then left other filmmakers to go and make an Alien 5 or Predator 3.” He finished by joking, “This is AVP, and whoever wins, Rupert Murdoch wins!”

Ultimatley, Anderson’s movie didn’t do much to instill confidence in the series on behalf of either critics or long-time fans, (fan-site AVPGalaxy temporarily closed down in response, and when asked for his opinion on the movie, Dan O’Bannon quipped: “videogame.”) Still,  the AVP installments continued with Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem, written by a co-writer of the first movie, Shane Salerno, and directed by first-time helmers, Greg and Colin Strause; two special effects artists who founded VFX company, Hydraulx. After the tribulations of Alien 3Resurrection, and Anderson’s Alien vs. PredatorRequiem did what seemed to be impossible – and brought the Alien brand to its nadir.

A requiem is defined as “a Mass for the repose of the souls of the dead,” and if the second AVP film demonstrated anything, it was that the reputation of both Alien and Predator franchises were firmly in the ground. Even though it was released in January of 2007, Empire magazine was quick to dub the film a “strong contender for worst film of the year.”

Failing to predict the reaction towards their movie, the Strauses had originally intended for their film to lead in to another Strause-helmed AVP. The brothers told i09: “The original ending for AVPR, that we pitched them, ended up on the Alien homeworld, and actually going from the Predator gun, that you see at the end, it was going to transition from that gun to a logo of a Weyland-Yutani spaceship that was heading to an Alien planet. And then we were actually going to cut down to the surface [of the Alien planet] and you were going to see a hunt going on. It was going to be a whole tribe of Predators going against this creature that we called King Alien. It’s this huge giant winged Alien thing. And that was going to be the lead-in, to show that the fact that the Predator gun [at the end of AVPR] is the impetus of all the technological advancements that allowed humans to travel in space. Which leads up to the Alien timeline.”

Colin Strause told i09: “[Humanity] could take that and reverse engineer [Predator technology], figure out what the power source was – all of those things. And in theory, that would enable that company [Weyland-Yutani] to make massive advancements in technology and dominate the space industry. That was the whole idea, to literally continue from Ms. Yutani getting the gun, and then cut to 50 years in the future, and there’s spaceships now. We’ve made a quantum leap in space travel. That was going to set up the ending, which would then set up what AVP3 was going to be, which would take place 100 years in the future. That was kind of the plan.”

In an interview with a UK newspaper, Colin announced: “The next film I want to do would be back on the Alien homeworld. And I’d like to introduce the viewers to Aliens so big, they’re almost dinosaur size, or even bigger, with more of a space theme.”

Fan response was understandably negative. “People who hate the movie will say any idea of ours is dumb, regardless of its merits,” Colin Strause said in response to criticism of the planned AVP3, over at AVPGalaxy forums. “I bet if some other director said the same thing most of you [the fanbase] will be saying it was the best idea ever; of course you will never admit that.”

Ultimately, after the abysmal Aliens vs Predator: Requiem and the overwhelming negativity directed at the film and its directors, even Fox lost its taste for bringing the two creatures together again, and AVP was shelved.

There were rumours of an Alien remake doing the rounds shortly thereafter, though Alien 5 was briefly on some people’s lips, with even Tom Woodruff Jnr of Amalgamated Dynamics wanting to have a shot at the film: “I would love to work on an Alien film and totally … not so much re-invent the Alien, but devise a new Alien that’s of that same world, but is still different. We had little stabs at it, like with the Newborn creature in Alien Resurrection.” Alec Gillis also mentioned Woodruff’s interest in Alien 5, though he kept tight-lipped on details: “I can’t really speak to that concept for an Alien 5, because it’s still something that’s pending.”

Finally, during a press junket for The Taking of Pelham 123 in 2009, Tony Scott, brother to Ridley, revealed: “Carl Rinsch is going to do the prequel to Alien.” The other Scott brother was pleased that Rinsch, a son-in-law to Ridley, was helming: “I’m excited ’cause Ridley created the original and Rinsch is one of the family.” Rinsch’s tenure on the prequel didn’t last long however. Later in 2009, it was announced that Ridley Scott himself would return to the Alien series and direct the prequel to his 1979 classic.

Scott had mused on returning to Alien since the early eighties. Another film, according to Scott, “certainly should explain what the Alien is and where it comes from. That will be tough because it will require dealing with other planets, worlds, civilisations. Because obviously the Alien did come from some sort of civilisation … The Alien may be one of the last descendants of some long-lost self-destructed group of beings … What I missed most of all [in the first film] was the absence of a prognosis scene. There were no speculative scenes or discussions about what the Alien was and all that sort of thing either. I believe that audiences love those, especially if they’re well done. They give the threat much more weight. If they make Alien II, and if I have anything to do with it, the film will certainly have those elements in it. From a certain point of view, Alien II could be more interesting than Alien I.”

Of course, as history went, James Cameron was the first to bring a sequel to the screen. Scott, on the other hand, was left out entirely. “I was a little dismayed,” he said, “no one even mentioned it to me.” However, Scott relieved himself knowing that “Jim loved Alienadored it … I would never, ever critique or criticise [Aliens] because I think it was very successful and what he did was really good.” In fact, whilst Cameron was directing the sequel at Shepperton Studios, he bumped into Ridley himself. “I was coming out of dailies,” Cameron told Fangoria in 1986, “and he was going in, and we spoke for about ten minutes. We didn’t really talk about Aliens at all; he didn’t seem particularly curious about it, other than the fact it was being done. We just spoke in general terms about shooting in England. It was very polite, there was no depth to it. Basically, it was like, ‘Hello, pleased to meet you.'”

Scott was also considered for Alien 3, but could not clear his schedule. “He could never get it together,” claimed Sigourney Weaver. However, he did find time to drop in on David Fincher during filming, and was even interviewed on the set. “This is not the way to make movies,” he told the struggling Fincher, “make sure you make a little film where you have some control whilst they’re beating you up.” Two decades later, Scott would return to Shepperton to again stand on an Alien-verse set.

“From the very early going all the scripts said Untitled Alien Prequel, and then we tried a bunch of colons, it was Alien: Engineers, Alien: Genesis, Alien: Origins.”
Jon Spaihts, Prometheus enhancement pods, 2012.

“It’s a brand new box of tricks,” Ridley told Empire in 2009 on the subject of the prequel. “We know what the road map is, and the screenplay is now being put on paper. The prequel will be a while ago. It’s very difficult to put a year on Alien, but if Alien was towards the end of this century, then the prequel story will take place thirty years prior … I never thought I’d look forward to a sequel, but a prequel is kind of interesting. I’m looking forward to doing that.” That same year, when talking to MTV, Scott said: “I’ve got a pile of pages next to me. It’s like the fourth draft. It’s a work in progress, but we’re not dreaming it up anymore. We know what the story is. We’re now actually trying to improve the three acts and make the characters better, build it up to something. It’s a work in progress, but we’re actually making the film.”

“I’m in Pinewood now doodling spaceships,” said the Alien prequel’s production designer, Arthur Max, in 2010. “I’ve got a little art department and we’re trying to get it off the ground … we can deconstruct the original. That’s an interesting challenge to anticipate. Where it all came from. Its origins. It’s almost like archaeology. You’re designing in reverse time.”

Though there was no chance of Ripley appearing in a pre-Ripley world, Sigourney Weaver was happy to see the series returning to Ridley: “I’m glad it’s in his hands. I always said if you’re going to do another one, go back to the planet where they came from, so I certainly think it’s a great idea. I’ll be excited to see it. I think he’s an amazing director and I always felt very incomplete because we didn’t know where they came from, and so we’re going to find out I hope.” James Cameron was likewise excited: “I cannot wait to see it. I truly cannot wait. I will be the first person in line to see it – but he’d [Ridley] better invite me to a preview screening!”

Scott also made it clear that if the Alien creature was to return, then it wouldn’t assume the recognisable shape of the creatures from the previous movies. “They’ve squeezed the franchise dry,” said Ridley. “The first one will always be the most frightening, because the beast we put together with Giger and all its parts -the facehugger, the chestburster, the egg- they were all totally original, and that’s hard to follow … I don’t want to repeat it. The Alien in a sense, as a shape, is worn out. Once I get more serious and get going, and the big wheels start turning, we’ll [Scott and Giger] certainly talk. And maybe we’ll come up with something completely different.”

“In my view, the story of Alien can only go one direction; to return home to the planet where the first discoveries were made, which might be an opportunity to provide fans and audiences with past surprises and answers to questions they had. I am convinced that everyone who was involved from the beginning of the production of this series has the same feelings as me.”
~ HR Giger, Tatuaz magazine, 2008.

Excitingly, Giger seemed to confirm his involvement in the film to a Swiss newspaper in February 2011, saying: “Ridley Scott and I met in London to discuss the details of the project. It was a warm reunion after such a long time. It’s going to be huge. I can not tell you what I’m doing exactly.”

Ridley and Giger rifling through Prometheus designs and sketches during production.

People had returned from one Alien movie to another before, including AlienAliens conceptual artist Ron Cobb; Alien focus puller-turned Aliens cinematographer Adrian Biddle; Alien Queen stuntmen-turned-Fiorina 161 prisoner stuntmen Nick Gillard and Malcolm Weaver; and AlienAliens creature stuntman, Eddie Powell. However, none were as monumental or even as instrumental as Scott and Giger, and fans as well as the media waited in anticipation for further news.

It was in this hush period that the embryonic film underwent massive changes. The most significant of these was the recruitment of a secondary writer (Damon Lindelof, hired to buttress a script originally by Jon Spaihts) and the new movie’s subsequent and very deliberate distancing from Alien; though the new film, tentatively titled Paradise before becoming Prometheus, would still retain an umbilicus to the original series.

“We were told several different titles, we didn’t really know what the project was called. My paperwork said Alien Prequel, Untitled Alien Prequel. That’s what I was working on. Then LV-426 was the title, so some people say ‘oh it’s not the same planet,’ but in Ridley’s mind it could have been at one point … And then another title was Paradise … and then one day, boom, Prometheus.”
Steven Messing, Visual Effects Art Director, Prometheus enhancement pods, 2012.

In 2012, Spaihts explained: “If you’ve seen the original Alien, you’ve seen the remains of the enigmatic giant—whom the fan community calls the “Space Jockey”—who has died in the derelict wreck. This character is the great, unopened door of that original film—the great mystery. Who is that? Where did that derelict ship come from? How did that giant die? And it’s in that mystery that the story seed of Prometheus takes root. There is some inevitable kinship between the two stories [Alien and Prometheus] in terms of xenobiology. But the titular creature of Alien is very much confined to the shadows and is not at all the focus of Prometheus, which is driving in a new direction. With Prometheus, the origin of the menace and forces that our heroes encounter is essentially the central mystery of the tale itself. So the story is very much about people prying into the shadows and trying to shed light on these mysteries.”

Like Resurrection and Alien vs. Predator before it, Prometheus was also intended to bring a new life to the tired series. “From the get-go,” said Spaihts, “the studio made it plain that they were interested in not just a new film but a new limb for a new franchise altogether. My story development envisioned a trilogy from the beginning.” Spaihts elaborated further with EMPIRE magazine: “I did have a plan for multiple films and the conversations I had with Ridley was about a new franchise from the beginning. We talked about a possible trilogy, or a duology, but more often as a trilogy. And I did have pretty broad notions as to how we were going to get from this world to the original Alien – the baton pass, closing the circle, if you will.”

Jon Spaihts on the Prometheus writing process: “At the time I was brought aboard, Ridley was looking to return to the Alien universe. They were calling it a prequel at the time, and Ridley was going to produce and not direct. I took a stab at the story and came up with something they really liked, and Ridley got so excited he decided to direct it himself. It really threw everything into overdrive at the studio … I worked with Ridley to create five drafts of the script, then 20th Century Fox wanted a more established writer to finish the project, which is typical of studios, and so Damon Lindelof was brought on board and he worked with Ridley on the final draft … I created a mythology that was outside of the original film, and became the centre of the movie. It remained the centre as Damon took over and took the work forward.”

Damon Lindelof on the Prometheus writing process: “I really liked Jon’s script, I thought there were some very cool and original ideas in it … I read it and enjoyed it, but I just felt like that draft was very married to Alien: 35 pages in we’re already dealing with eggs and facehuggers and chestbursters and xenomorphs and acid blood. I felt like that was all the stuff we’ve seen before, and then there was this other idea in the script that I haven’t seen before, so I told them, ‘What I think this script would really benefit from is a remixing of its ideas, to make the movie about these ideas and themes of creation, and focus it more on the idea of going to visit these beings who may or may not have made us.’ … This movie was going to say, ‘What if creation wasn’t the result of some kind of all-knowing deity? What if it’s the result of something we can actually go and visit? Are we the result of an experiment, and what’s the purpose of that experiment? Are we deemed a success or a failure?’ … The idea that Ridley was advancing for Prometheus was A: what if those things weren’t as alien as we thought they were? And B: what if there is a fundamental relationship between those beings and us? And C: what if they weren’t victims of these eggs but were directly responsible for making them? As in, it’s more of a thing where they made Pandora’s Box and something got out, rather than them being innocent, hapless victims. Those were the ideas that really got me pumped up for Prometheus.

The shift from Alien 0 to Prometheus was announced at the beginning of 2011. Misdirection seemed to be a central part of the film’s advertisement process, with Scott and Lindelof stating that Prometheus was almost entirely removed from the Alien saga. “While Alien was indeed the jumping-off point for this project,” said Scott in a press release, “out of the creative process evolved a new, grand mythology and universe in which this original story takes place. The keen fan will recognize strands of Alien’s DNA, so to speak, but the ideas tackled in this film are unique, large and provocative.”

As it later turned out, it didn’t take a keen fan to take note of the presence of the Space Jockey or derelict craft, and with their appearance the Prometheus universe seemed less new than what had been claimed.

“There’s a definite connecting vein [to Alien]. You realise you’re part of something else, but it’s definitely in keeping with the old ones … Alien fans will recognize things in it. It’s not ignoring Alien, there’s still a link to that world. But it’s a different story. It’s definitely connected, though.”
~ Michael Fassbender.

In June 2012, Spaihts elaborated on the relationship between Alien and Prometheus: “If we’re going to revisit the Alien universe, that’s cool, but the end of the movie shouldn’t be the original Alien, this movie should go off in its own direction, so if there was a sequel to Prometheus, it would not be Alien  Alien was about unleashing a killing machine with acid for blood and surviving it; this is going to have certain themes in common, but it’s going to be about something slightly different … Essentially it’s a cousin to that first story. It’s less a prequel than a spin-off. It leaps back into that universe we know from the original Alien, but rather than following that plotline, or going backwards to set that plotline up, it sets off sideways, to investigate a new set of questions, and open up a whole new arm of the mythology.”

Essentially, the goal with Prometheus was to shed the well-worn staples of the previous Alien films and yet, by tapping into the unexplored lore behind them, such as the Space Jockey, to also continue the series from an entirely fresh perspective.

Alien vs. Predator vs. Prometheus: The prequel film was of course tethered to the original Scott film, but what about the relationship between it and AVP? Lindelof explained: “[Ridley] wanted to use Weyland as a conduit in the story, and was not at all interested when I said, ‘You know, Weyland was a character in one of the Alien vs. Predator movies.’ He just sort of looked at me like I had just slapped him in the face. That was the beginning, middle, and end of all Alien vs. Predator references in our story process.” Peter Weyland indeed usurped Charles Bishop Weyland and removed him, and by extension AVP, from the continuity.

Lindelof on Ridley and the Alien series: “He hasn’t seen the Alien vs. Predator films. He likes Cameron’s sequel but he admits to feeling a little conflicted that he was passed over in terms of directing the sequel. He’s a huge Fincher fan and feels sorry that David was so hamstrung in terms of what he could and could not do in terms of Alien 3, and while he acknowledges that it’s a beautiful looking film I think he wishes that Fincher would have been allowed to do what Fincher does on that film. I have a feeling that if Alien 3 had been Fincher’s third film instead of his first then it would have been up there in the pantheon of great sci-fi. We didn’t talk about Resurrection.”

Prometheus, like Alien before it, seems to carry within it the DNA of several progenitor films. The stowaway Weyland seems like a riff on Dark Star‘s frozen Commander Powell gag, though it’s more in line with an idea abandoned in Blade Runner, where Eldon Tyrell is revealed to be harboured away within a stasis chamber. Some of the spacesuits evoke Planet of the Vampires; the Space Jockey’s battle with the Trilobite creature evokes panels from Dan O’Bannon/Moebius’ The Long Tomorrow (panels from the comic strip can even be seen pinned to production storyboards); and the Space Jockey temple is very clearly derived from HR Giger’s Harkonnen Castle design from Jodorowsky’s unmade Dune. But most important is the film’s tie to Alien itself. Beyond the obvious Space Jockey creature and derelict spacecraft (now fully functional and called the Juggernaut), Prometheus returns to ideas abandoned in the original film: from major themes like ancient alien civilisations and von Däniken-esque interstellar gods, to little nods like the crew of the Prometheus salvaging a Space Jockey’s head, just as the crewmen of Dan O’Bannon’s script return to their ship with the ossified head of the derelict’s pilot. Though Alien presented the Space Jockey and its cargo as beings that are entirely distant from us, the universe was rendered smaller in Prometheus by linking the Engineers to Earth’s history. However, this is not necessarily any less Lovecraftian than the original film: in the Lovecraft mythos and cosmogony, which Dan O’Bannon drew heavily on, ancient alien deities once ruled the Earth, but have since fallen into a death-like slumber. Their awakening will spell the end for humanity. The parallels here with Prometheus are obvious.

Alien went to where the Old Ones lived,” claimed Dan O’Bannon. It was a decades-long journey, but Prometheus, for all it successes and failures, turned its needle back towards some central core of the Alien mythos, which had been diverted over the years by Ripley-centric sequels and comic book mash-ups.

Speaking to the BBC about Prometheus and the planet housing the Space Jockey facility, LV-223, Ridley stated: “Yeah, it’s not the same planet [from Alien] at all … If there was a sequel to this, which there might be if the film is successful, there’ll be two more of these before you even get to Alien.”

In an interview with movies.com, Scott said: “From the very beginning, I was working from a premise that lent itself to a sequel. I really don’t want to meet God in the first one. I want to leave it open to [Dr. Elizabeth Shaw] saying, ‘I don’t want to go back to where I came from. I want to go where they came from’ … I’d love to explore where the hell [Dr. Shaw] goes next and what she does when she gets there, because if it is paradise, paradise cannot be what you think it is. Paradise has a connotation of being extremely sinister and ominous …”

Ridley Scott on the Orrery/pilot chamber set. Destination: Paradise?

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Weyland Industries Timeline

A TRADITION OF INNOVATION
From Peter Weyland’s first commercially viable cybernetic android to the invention of the atmospheric processor, Weyland Industries has continued to innovate and works towards the realisation of a better world. Over the years, our unique solutions, including a myriad of firsts, have served customers, communities and governments across the globe and helped address many of the universe’s most challenging problems.

OCTOBER 1ST, 1990 – A MAVERICK IS BORN
Peter Weyland is born in Mumbai, India to an Oxford-educated Professor of Comparative Mythology and a self-taught engineer.
(Notes: Weyland’s parentage highlights his upper class background, as well as a childhood steeped in mythology, such as the stories of the Olympians and Prometheus. His parents seem erudite, capable, and worldly. Weyland’s father is self-taught, and his talent seems to rub off on the young Peter.)

OCTOBER 1ST, 2004 – PETER WEYLAND TURNS 14
Days after his 14th birthday, Peter Weyland is granted a Method Patent for a synthetic trachea constructed entirely of synthetically-engineered stem cells. It is his 12th registered patent to date.
(Notes: Weyland’s intellectual and engineering gifts are established at a young age. Real life parallels include the nuclear scientist, Taylor Wilson – born in 1994. At 14 he became the world’s youngest person to have built a working fusor. Wilson hosted a TED Talk presentation on his work, which you can see here.)

MARCH 27TH, 2015 – A TRULY RENEWABLE ENERGY

Weyland Industries launches first industrialised space mission to install solar panels that align and move in Earth’s orbital plane but at an axial tilt, imitating a permanent summer solstice. The renewable energy gathered in the months following the expedition made Peter Weyland his first billion.
(Notes: At the age of 25, Weyland has made a permanent mark on the world, as well as his first billion. Technology is already far past our own real-world capabilities, but recall Ridley Scott’s words when dealing with technology as seen in Alien: “The idea of spending really prolonged periods in space -say, of up to three years- is inconceivable and at the moment only exists in fantasies such as Alien.” Scott also referred to the FTL tech of the Nostromo and cryo-chambers as being almost tongue-in-cheek due to their fantastic elements.)

JUNE 30TH, 2015 – INITIAL ROUND OF CAPITAL INVESTMENT
Following Weyland’s success with solar panels, Weyland Industries receives funding from a trio of major venture capital firms.
(Note: Weyland Industries isn’t top dog yet, but is gaining influence, prestige, and power. The company seems set on devouring the firms that initially gave it a financial boost.)

FEBRUARY 2, 2016 – WEYLAND REVERSE GLOBAL WARMING
Using a precursor to the atmospheric processor of his own invention, Peter Weyland is able to generate a localised synthetic atmosphere above the polar ice cap, effectively ending global warming.
(Notes: If you wanted to pair up Prometheus and Alien with Blade Runner, you may have a problem here. The 2019 world of Blade Runner is blighted by atmospheric pollution and acid rain. It’s best to consider the films as spiritual siblings, rather than inter-related movies. Though a piece of trivia on the Prometheus home release has Weyland talk of his mentor, allegedly Tyrell, producer Charles de Lauzrikia outed it as a joke.)

JULY 17TH, 2016 – A YOUNG KNIGHT
At the age of 26, Peter Weyland becomes one of the youngest people to ever achieve knighthood.

DECEMBER 10TH, 2017 – NOBEL PEACE PRIZE
Sir Peter Weyland is honoured with the Nobel Peace Prize for his extraordinary atmospheric work over the polar ice cap.

DECEMBER 19TH, 2017 – WEYLAND REVIVES JIMO
Using capital from his 2015 success, Weyland acquires copyrights to technology developed by NASA’s innovative but poorly funded Project Prometheus. With Weyland’s significantly augmented funding for the project, JIMO became a reality and proves the existence of simple life in Europa’s ocean.
(Notes: JIMO is an acronym for Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter, a proposed spacecraft that was to explore the moons of Jupiter. The real-life project lost funding in 2005. Project Prometheus is also a real NASA project, established in 2003 and cancelled in 2005. The proposed Prometheus ship was to be a nuclear electric rocket.
Concerning Europa, Scott said a few years back: “They got me going on about this wonderful planet that is out near the big gas, you know those massive gas columns we discovered about 20 years ago? Just to the side of that there’s this wonderful planet called Europa. Around that is Io and Zeta II Reticuli. We’re going back to Zeta II Reticuli.”
Here, Scott is confusing Europa for a planet among the Pillars of Creation, whereas it’s a moon of Jupiter. Zeta II Reticuli is of course the system from Alien. As for private companies becoming space pioneers…)

JUNE 1, 2022 – CURE FOR THE COMMON CANCER
Scientists from the Health Division identify the genetic chain of events for 98% of cancers. Using genetically-altered cells as well as elements found beyond Earth’s heavens, Weyland successfully deploys an effective cure for almost all cancers.

FEBRUARY 4TH, 2023 – NOBEL PEACE PRIZE
Sir Peter Weyland is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in Medicine for his cancer cure.

FEBRUARY 28TH, 2023 – FOUNDATIONS
In a now legendary TED Talk, Sir Peter Weyland clarifies his vision for Weyland Industries, laying the groundwork for the next 50 years of Building Better Worlds:

“We are the gods now…”

AUGUST 5TH, 2023 – CYBERNETIC INDIVIDUAL PATENTED
Weyland Industries earns patent number 8,128,899 for Method and Apparatus for cybernetic individuals in for use in scientific and industrial environments.
(Notes: Further distancing itself as a direct relative of Blade Runner, cybernetic beings have yet to materialise, whereas in Blade Runner replicants are already utilised for off-world colony work and interstellar warfare.)

MAY 10TH, 2024 – RIFLING RECTIFICATION
Weyland military engineers make first significant improvements to rifling technology since the 19th century, tripling speed and accuracy of projectiles. Exact rifling pattern and twist rate remain classified.
(Notes: From environmental saviour and biology genius, Weyland moves into weaponry. The dichotomy in roles reveals Weyland’s emerging unscrupulous approach to business – if it sells, manufacture it. Additionally, could this be the birth of the pulse rifle?)

SEPTEMBER 6TH, 2024 – HOLOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR
Weyland Industries makes first foray into the luxury goods market with its holographic Environment Simulator. It is the first HES able to accurately recreate the aesthetic mood and sounds of any place in the known world, as well as provide live video feed from any calibrated receiver.
(Notes: Such a device appeared in Aliens, whilst Ripley awaits her hearing. It is a rather low-fi device in the 1986 film, perhaps a cheaper model; many old facilities and clinics in Europe boast antiquated technology, as do other places around the rest of the world. Another HES appears in William Gibson’s Alien III script, simulating a forest environment in which Newt relaxes before being shipped off to Earth and out of the story.)

SEPTEMBER 10TH, 2024 – THE WEYLAND STORM RIFLE
Weyland Industries introduces first rifle able to track targets from over 500 klicks away, as well as determine a target’s health, physique and whether they can be locked down.

JANUARY 7TH, 2025 – DAVID 1
Weyland manufactures the first advanced android prototype model of its kind. He is affectionately called David, a name Sir Peter Weyland had initially reserved for his own human son.
(Notes: The genesis of Ash and Bishop, David is born. It appears that Weyland’s work life has interfered with his personal life; either he has lost a child in infancy, or has resolved, somewhat elegiacally, to refrain from relationships and procreation. Weyland emerges as an Eldon Tyrell-figure, though with a measure of empathy for his creation that Tyrell utterly lacks.)

MARCH 22ND, 2026 – ADVANCED POLYURETHANE COMPOUND PATENTED
Weyland Industries earns patent number 9,158,239 for a chemical composition of classified properties able to almost perfectly replicate the biological features and textures of human skin.

JUNE 3RD, 2026 – AUTO-ADJUST CROSSHAIRS PATENTED
Weyland Industries earns patent number 10,445,075 for Method and Apparatus for self-adjusting crosshairs that auto-process windage, Coriolis effect, trajectory, etc., eliminating the need for spotters and mathematical formulas.

SEPTEMBER 30TH, 2026 – WEYLAND INDUSTRIES + GENENTECH
Weyland acquires Genentech, significantly bolstering the company’s biotech holdings.
(Notes: A first step for Weyland to become the corporate octopus of later years. By the time of Alien, Scott had imagined that “the world would have been divided into three parts.” This world is dominated by mega-corporations that function as de facto governments. Two parts of this new world were named in lore, specifically in Ron Cobb’s designs and the Nostromo crew dossiers, as the United Americas -the merging of South and North America into one entity- and The Third World Empire, which is the political and corporate merging of Britain with Asia.)

NOVEMBER 18TH, 2026 – WEYLAND TAKES OVER KEPLER MISSION
Weyland privatises NASA’s famous Kepler mission, increases its funding 10-fold and within the year and discovers 6,546 more bio-compatible planets.

JANUARY 1ST, 2028 – DAVID 2
Weyland makes significant adjustments to the David android prototype, facilitating David’s first interaction with humans. This initial meeting is very promising.

MARCH 31ST, 2028 – $100 BILLION IN FIVE SHORT YEARS
Weyland Industries becomes first company in history to achieve a market capitalisation of $100 billion in five years.

MAY 20TH, 2028 – STASIS FUNCTION DISCOVERED
Weyland labs in San Francisco discover the body’s ability to hypersleep – the complete cessation of life processes, which can be restarted when stasis is removed. The search for a practical application begins.
(Notes: Obviously, this lays the groundwork for the stasis tubes as seen throughout the series.)

AUGUST 9TH, 2029 – ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSOR PATENTED. 
Weyland Industries earns patent number 11,280,599 for Method and Apparatus for a device that enhances the capacity of an extraterrestrial planetary environment to support life; effectively the first fully automated atmospheric processor. This patent is expected to make our founder’s famous boast a reality: “There are other worlds than this one, and if there is no air to breathe, we will simply have to make it.”
(Notes: In Aliens, Ripley seems to see an atmosphere processor for the first time. Burke explains: “They’re completely automated. We manufacture them, by the way.” The processors have been around for over 100 years by the time of Aliens, but they have perhaps not existed on the scale of the one seen at Hadley’s Hope, which can sustain the entire planetoid alone. Furthermore, many people live their lives without being exposed to certain types of technology, so it’s feasible that Ripley hasn’t seen one before, or perhaps just not one of H.H.’s gigantic magnitude.)

SEPTEMBER 18TH, 2029 – WEYLAND ACQUIRES CERN
Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire (European Organisation for Nuclear Research) runs out of government funding. Weyland acquires the organisation as well as their Large Hadron Collider and other facilities.
(Notes: The privatisation of the world seems to be in sway. In an 1984 interview, Ridley Scott said in regards to the corporate worlds of Alien and Blade Runner: “Here you see a large corporation that does something in one area buying up another corporation that specialises in an entirely different field. Obviously two separate sides of the conglomerate world -perhaps engineering and biochemistry- will eventually merge, just as I think industries will develop their own independent space programs.”)

DECEMBER 12TH, 2029 – WEYLAND WINS PATENT SUIT
After years of litigation, Weyland wins the David patent lawsuit against the Japanese start-up Yutani Corporation, effectively protecting the investments of both Weyland Industries and its shareholders.
(Notes: The importance of Weyland’s encounters with Yutani doesn’t need illuminating. At some point post-2093 and pre-2122, the two companies merge to form Weyland-Yutani. “The owners of the Nostromo are Japanese,” explained Scott in 1979. The Eastern look expanded to the Nostromo’s space suits. A Japanese influence was later more prevalent in Alien 3.)

JULY 27TH, 2030 – HYPERSLEEP CHAMBERS PATENTED
Weyland Industries earns patent number 12,004,556 for Method and Apparatus for a device than can initiate, monitor, and terminate hypersleep. HC’s revolutionise space travel, permitting increasingly longer, more advanced missions and enabling unprecedented discovery.

AUGUST 10TH, 2031 – LUNA
Terraforming begins on Luna with plans for multiple settlements.
(Note: the first terraforming project takes place on our closest natural satellite, the Moon/Luna. On January 7th, 2092, Ellen Ripley is born on the Lunar base. Around about this time a virus known as XMB is loose on the facility, and Ripley grows up in a quarantine zone, according to the Nostromo Crew Dossiers from Alien.)

APRIL 3RD, 2032 – MAJOR SECURITY ACQUISITIONS
Weyland acquires Northrop Grumman, Boeing, BAE Systems and Lockheed Martin. These major acquisitions significantly bolsters multinational defense, security, and aerospace technology holdings.

MAY 20TH, 2032 – FTL TRAVEL MADE POSSIBLE
Weyland scientists discover the inverse relationship between velocity and the flow of time, making the long sought-after concept of faster than light travel a reality. The search for practical application begins.
(Notes: Well how else do you think the Nostromo and Sulaco got around?)

JULY 4TH, 2033 – BALLISTIC DEVELOPMENT
Weyland creates 5.56 millimeter round made of metals mined from Gliese 581, capable of travelling at max velocity in any atmosphere or range.

OCTOBER 4TH, 2033 – MILLIONTH EMPLOYEE HIRED
His name is Dr. Richard Post and he serves as Chief Statistician to the Electronics Division.

JANUARY 17TH, 2034 – HELIADES
Weyland Industries introduces the first FTL-capable SEV (space exploration vehicle.)
(Notes: In Greek myth, the Heliades -‘children of the sun’- were the offspring of Helios the sun god and the Oceanid Clymene, the latter of whom is also the mother of several Titans – including Prometheus)

MAY 11TH, 2035 – NSF LIFTS RESTRICTIONS ON ANDROIDS
The National Science Foundation (NSF) lifts commercial restrictions on the commercial use of David androids.

JUNE 30TH, 2035 – DAVID 3
After android regulations are lifted, the third generation David is deployed internally to test human acceptance of cybernetic individuals. Results are encouraging.

JULY 21ST, 2035 – NEW OFFICES OPENED
Weyland Industries opens several new offices across the globe, expanding corporate presence to Greece, Antarctica, El Salvador, and South Africa to name a few.
(Notes: In Alien, Ripley mentions an “Antarctica mission control” as the Nostromo attempts to land on Earth – before they realise that they’re in the wrong system.)

AUGUST 25TH, 2036 – EXPLORERS ACADEMY OPENED
Weyland Industries launches the Explorers Academy – an alternative grad school for underprivileged college students interested in the fields of biotech, nanotech, cybernetics and terraforming. Top graduates of the program are offered positions at Weyland Industries.

DECEMBER 15TH, 2037 – FORTUNE 500
Fortune 500 names Weyland Industries number one on their list “10 best companies to work for”.

DECEMBER 21ST, 2037 – DISCOVERY OF THE OUTER VEIL
Weyland astronomers note an area of space appearing very rich in minerals and other natural resources. Weyland expected to travel there within the century.

JULY 4TH, 2038 – WEYLAND SUPPORTS VETERANS
Weyland Industries becomes chief employer of Asian Conflict veterans, supplying 35% with steady work.

MARCH 2ND, 2039 – AUTO-COMPENSATION PATENTED
Weyland Industries earns patent number 13,345,075 for Method and Apparatus for an add-on feature to Weyland Storm, capable of compensating for composition, density, pressure and refractive index of any atmosphere.

MAY 28TH, 2039 – GJ 667CC
Using the Weyland Atmospheric Processor, the first functional and breathable atmosphere is produced on planet GJ 667CC, clearing the way for further terraforming activities on other planets.

Weyland’s terraforming colony on Mars.

MAY 14TH, 2039 – DISCOVERY OF ACHERON LV-426
Weyland astronomers discover multiple moons and a ringed planet just outside the Zeta 2 Reticuli system, which are possibly able to support life.  Weyland expects to travel there within the century.
(Notes: the importance of this place should be obvious. The Weyland website spells Acheron wrong, referring to it as Archeron.)

APRIL 1ST, 2042 – DAVID 4
David 4 becomes the first commercially available model of the David series. He is eventually expected to improve work-flow and efficiency at offices and homes across the world.

AUGUST 18TH, 2042 – ESTABLISHMENT OF HD 85512 B
Weyland Industries awarded government contract to build and maintain HD 85512 B Class E Correctional Unit. Prisoners from Earth and other facilities are successfully relocated, and many have been rehabilitated into society.
(Notes: It’s unknown if this refers specifically to the prison colony on Fiorina 161 from Alien 3. Either way, it establishes off-world penal colonies, and Weyland Corp’s involvement in their establishment.)

NOVEMBER 20TH, 2042 – WEYLAND SUPPORTS THE FUTURE
Weyland Industries writes $5 billion cheque to Little Explorers – a charity dedicated to the education of troubled middle school students interested in science and technology.

APRIL 19TH, 2051 – RT01 GROUP TRANSPORT
Weyland Industries makes essential updates to on-planet transport. The new vehicle is capable of traversing any known terrain and has virtually no weight limit for cargo, passengers and equipment.

FEBRUARY 14TH, 2052 – ATV NR6 PATENTED
Weyland Industries earns patent number 14,524,002 for Method and Apparatus for first manned land vehicle capable of negotiating vertical surfaces. This technology permits Weyland scientists and terraforming teams to reach previously inaccessible destinations.

JULY 7TH, 2052 – DAVID 5
Weyland makes significant intellectual and emotional update to the David android, further increasing human acceptance.

AUGUST 1ST, 2055 – TOP COMPANY EXECUTIVE FOR WOMEN
NAFE (National Association for female executives) names Weyland Industries a Top 50 Company for Executive Women.

JANUARY 29TH, 2056 – POWER LOADER PATENTED
Weyland Industries earns patent number 15,725,924 for Method and Apparatus for a mechanised exo-skeleton used for lifting and moving heavy objects such as crates and vehicle weaponry.
(Notes: The famous power loader, of course, has its beginnings here.)

MAY 6TH, 2057 – LIFEBOAT PATENTED
Weyland Industries earns patent number 15,999,127 for Method and Apparatus for an ejectable luxury pod able to sustain one human life for up to 50 years.
(Notes: The origins of craft such as the Narcissus begins here. Vicker’s escape pod in Prometheus is certainly of the luxury variety.)

JULY 22ND, 2059 – PORTABLE DECONTAMINATION PACK
Weyland introduces unique expedition security apparatus able to decontaminate indoor and outdoor environments. Apparatus mines surrounding air for flammable compounds, making it ultra light-weight as well as self-replenishing.

AUGUST 9TH, 2060 – BROCA DIALECTICAL IMPLANT
Weyland Industries introduces revolutionary, game-changing language tool. It is the first ever to require no actual learning on the consumer’s behalf.
(Note: Strange how Weyland relies on David to talk to the Engineer in an early dialect, rather than learning it himself via this implant. And stranger that David actively learns throughout the journey, rather than through a download.)

SEPTEMBER 2ND, 2061 – MEDPOD 7201 PATENTED
Weyland Industries earns patent number 16,572,092 for Method and Apparatus for the first fully-automated diagnosis and surgical station.

FEBRUARY 26TH, 2062 – DAVID 6
Only 7% of humans can recognise the sixth generation of David as a cybernetic individual.

DECEMBER 1ST, 2063 – SPECTAGRAPH
Weyland Industries earns patent number 17,900,353 for Method and Apparatus for an antigravity device that 3D live-maps any foreign terrain, revolutionising the pre-process of terraforming and developing new colonies.
(Note: Obviously, Fifield’s “puppies”.With this device, you would reckon that the Company would have picked up the derelict craft on LV-426, just prior to colonising it in Aliens. However, the device perhaps only maps out the area where the colony itself will be situated. The derelict is indicated as being over a week’s worth of travel time away, way past “the Ilium range”. Additionally, LV-426’s atmosphere is apparently troublesome for the Company’s communications, and perhaps mapping, technology. Finally, the spectagraph as seen in Prometheus are small, localised devices with limited range.)

AUGUST 11, 2064 – ADVANCED SE SUITS
Significantly upgraded space suit includes a variety of Weyland patented features, such as cadium exo-skeleton; infor display with mission details; vitals; environmental stats and more.
(Notes: the suits worn by the adventurers in Prometheus.)

JUNE 23RD, 2065 – S.P.W. MEMORIAL LIBRARY
Sir Peter Weyland Memorial Library built in Washington, DC.
(Notes: A memorial library that opens decades before Weyland’s projected time of death.

NOVEMBER 20TH, 2065 – TRANSPLANETARY PEACEKEEPING
As Weyland Industries expands their terraforming activities and colonial endeavours, the company is approached by the US government to begin work on the foundation of a colonial peacekeeping force trained or populated by marines in the event of future conflict.
(Notes: Obviously, this is the birth of the Colonial Marines, as seen in Aliens. According to the Alien crew profiles, Kane was educated at a military school. Obviously, this would not have been the Colonial Marines, which belongs to the United Americas. Both Dallas and Parker served, with Parker serving in the United Americas Outer Rim Defense Fleet.)

APRIL 7TH, 2066 – DAVID JOINS THE WORKFORCE
As production costs for the David series decreases, Weyland Industries is increasingly able to extend those savings to everyday customers, leading to remarkable proliferation of the product.

JULY 6TH, 2068 – DAVID 7
Weyland builds and successfully deploys thousands of Seventh Generation Davids into workplaces across the universe. Human acceptance of David 7 reaches an all-time high thanks to Weyland’s highly classified emotional encoding technology. David can accurately replicate most human emotions down to the tiniest nuance while consistently achieving all mission objectives.

JUNE 30TH, 2070 – FDA APPROVES MEDPOD FOR AT HOME USE
Since FDA approval, one dozen have been produced with tens of thousands on back order.

MAY 13TH, 2071 – OLYMPICS 
Weyland Industries becomes World Olympic Partner and official “Cybernetics Company” of the Olympic movement through 2091.

AUGUST 16TH, 2071 – SYNAPSE REESTABLISHER
Weyland Industries earns patent number 18,364,003 for Method and Apparatus for device able to temporarily restart brain activity of deceased individuals.
(Notes: We see this device put to use in Prometheus on the decapitated Engineer head. Unfortunately for the crew, the cells they revive are flooded with the Engineers’ bioweapon, and the revived cells explode.)

MARCH 9TH, 2071 – WEYLAND REORGANISES
Weyland Industries consolidates all products and solutions into seven verticals: health, transportation, energy, electronics, terraforming, security and cybernetics.

JANUARY 1ST, 2073 – PROJECT PROMETHEUS UNDERWAY
Based on recent classified findings by Weyland researchers, the company determines the exact coordinates of a new destination for long-time pet project: Project Prometheus. New round of investment is immediately opened and mission planning enters full swing.

“The adventure begins…”

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The Pilot

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Suddenly, Melkonis lets out a grunt of shock. Their lights have illuminated something unspeakably grotesque: A huge alien skeleton, seated in the control chair. They approach the skeleton, their lights trained on it. It is a grotesque thing, bearing no resemblance to the human form.
Melkonis: “Holy Christ…”

And so we meet the mysterious, gargantuan extraterrestrial pilot of the derelict spacecraft, as dictated in Dan O’Bannon’s original Alien script. Having landed on a barren planetoid to investigate an apparent SOS signal, the crew of the commercial vehicle Snark find an alien ship amid the stormy dunes. “It is dead and abandoned,” reads the synopsis for O’Bannon’s script. Deep inside the crewmen discover the derelict’s dead tenant. The creature, long deceased, has mummified over perhaps decades or even centuries. “That thing’s been dead for years,” remarks Broussard, the character later known as Kane. “Maybe hundreds of years.” The pilot’s last act was to etch the shape of a pyramid onto his console before death took him. When the planetoid’s storms abate, the crewmen spot the pyramid on the horizon. Overcome by curiosity, they decide to investigate…

Though the pilot’s function in the film doesn’t quite change from the first script to the finished film (first warning flag of imminent danger) the creature’s in-universe biography was altered radically. Originally, the creature was to be a mere explorer that had stumbled upon the planetoid, and consequently the pyramid and its deadly spore. “In my script,” said O’Bannon, “[the pilot] was a space-going race that landed on the planet and had been wiped out by whatever was there. And now the Earthmen come and they endanger themselves in the same way.” The pilot therefore served as a warning to the audience that something about the pyramid and its contents were deadly. The race of indigenous aliens required host bodies to birth their young, and the reproductive process was undertaken in temples. Alien concept artist, and friend to O’Bannon, Ron Cobb explains:

“At some point a cataclysm causes the extermination of the adults in this unique race, leaving no one to tend and nurture the young. But in a dark lower chamber of the breeding temple a large number of eggs lie dormant, waiting to sense something warm. Years later, the Space Jockey’s race comes to this planetoid. The Jockeys are on a mission of exploration and archaeology and they are fascinated by this marvellous temple and unknown culture. One of them finds the egg chamber and gets face-hugged. He’s rescued, but no one knows what’s happened. They take him back to their ship and continue their exploration of the planet’s surface. When the chest-burster erupts from the Jockey it goes on a killing rampage until it is shot and killed. The Alien dies, but immediately decomposes and its acid eats through the hull of the Jockey ship, leaving them stranded on the planet. The Jockeys radio out a message that there is a dangerous parasite on the planet, that nothing can be done to save them in time, and that no one should attempt a rescue. Then the Jockeys slowly starve to death.”
~ Ron Cobb, Alien portfolio.

In the version of Alien that ended up on screen, the creature has become a victim of its own cargo – eggs that house parasitic alien spore. This alteration was born from a need to economise. First, the designers considered scrapping the pyramid in favour of a biomechanic egg silo, as the pyramid was, according to HR Giger, “too close, we found, to our own Egyptian culture and we thought it should be completely unearthly.” Eventually, it became clear that the film’s running time wouldn’t allow for repeat jaunts between the derelict craft, back to the crewmen’s ship, and then over to a pyramid. Additionally, the film’s budget did not allow for the creation of these separate elements, and the two -pyramid/silo and derelict- were fused into one location.

“It would have been wonderful in a three hour version,” said Ridley Scott. “Sometimes financial practicalities force you to do a certain amount of editorial work, and I’m glad we simplified it.” O’Bannon was less pleased: “In the original script the men find a crashed derelict spacecraft and they enter it; they discover that the alien crew are all dead. They return to their own ship to contemplate what may have killed the alien crew and then they discover a pyramid on the planet which appears to be indigenous and primitive. They enter the pyramid and there they find the eggs. They [Ridley and co] combined these two elements, they squeezed them together into one sort of uneasy entity … In the new version it’s just some sort of a surrealist mystery.”

When David Giler and Walter Hill began to rewrite O’Bannon’s script, the alien pilot was removed – along with every other extraterrestrial element. In their initial versions of the film, the titular Alien was a product of The Company’s bioweapons division, with the spore housed in an off-world facility known as The Cylinder. The extraterrestrial pilot was rewritten as a downed human pilot that the Nostromo crew find dead within his vehicle, a ship recognised by Dallas as a “L-52.”

“Suddenly, Lambert lets out a grunt of shock. Her light has illuminated a skeletal shape. Seated twenty feet beyond them in the control chair. A human being, terribly disfigured.”
~ Walter Hill & David Giler Alien draft, undated.

Director Ridley Scott claims to not know the origins of the term “Space Jockey” in relation to the gargantuan carcass found within the derelict. “Who is the big guy in the chair, who was fondly after Alien called the Space Jockey?” Scott said at a Prometheus press event in April 2012. “I don’t know how the hell he got that name.” The term has its earliest origins in this iteration of Giler and Hill’s rewrites, where Dallas refers to the dead human as:

Dallas: “One dead space jockey, no sign of the other crew members, the old L-52’s generally went up with a compliment of seven…”

The term is a spin on desk jockey, which is defined as “an office worker who sits at a desk, often as contrasted with someone who does more important or active work.” Since the filmmakers were trying to evoke the feeling that space travel was unglamourous, maybe even boring, the name makes sense in terms of human space pilots, and isn’t hard to fit the alien jockey either. The name also has a precedent in a 1947 Robert Heinlein story, titled, of course, Space Jockey, which is about “a rocket pilot who pilots a commercial passenger spacecraft”. The Shepperton crew, who were given copies of the Alien scripts to read prior to production, seem to have been responsible for making the name stick after its excision from one of the drafts.

When O’Bannon and executive producer/co-writer Ron Shusett heard of Giler and Hill’s rewrite, they appealed to Ridley Scott with copies of their original script. “We were disturbed by the content of the rewrite,” said O’Bannon. Upon seeing the original script, Scott said, “Oh yes, we have to go back to the first way, definitely.” The alien elements were restored – and yet the Space Jockey character was cut altogether, as the producers had decided to eliminate its scenes due to budget. Eventually, Ridley got his way, and the Jockey set was built, also doubling as the egg silo by the removal of the Jockey chair.

The design of the actual Space Jockey and his craft saw all of the film’s conceptual artists taking a turn at conceptualising it. Chris Foss, Ron Cobb, and Jean ‘Moebius’ Giraud all submitted sketches and paintings, but the father of the Jockey was none of them, with HR Giger eventually coming up with the winning design.

Chris Foss’ sketch of the Jockey’s head. In O’Bannon’s script, the crewmen return to their ship with the decapitated skull. They note, with some disappointment, that mankind’s first encounter with extraterrestrial life has begun with disappointment. It may very well end with death.

“For the inside [of the derelict], Ron Cobb did the skeleton –what they later called the Space Jockey- and it was just perfect! Very small jawbone – no teeth to speak of. Of course, I expected it to look horrible when you first see it in the film; but if you looked at it a bit closer you’d discover that it didn’t have the large teeth or mandibles or any of the other things that are characteristic of a carnivore – and then maybe you’d begin to imagine it as some totally nonviolent herbivorous creature sailing around in space.”
~ Dan O’Bannon, Cinefex, 1979.

Space Jockey design attributed to Moebius, printed in American Cinematographer and Mediascene magazines.

Space Jockey design attributed to Moebius, printed in American Cinematographer and Mediascene magazines.

None of these concepts were taken too seriously by Ridley Scott, who commissioned HR Giger to design the Space Jockey, using one of Giger’s Necronomicon paintings as a launching pad for the final creature.

“From the script I knew he was huge and had a hole in his chest, but that was all. Ridley suggested another one of my Necronom creatures as a guide. They don’t look much alike now, but it was a starting point; and the Space Jockey kind of grew up from there in bits and pieces. The creature we finally ended up building is biomechanical to the extent that he has physically grown into, or maybe even out of, his seat – he’s integrated totally into the function he performs.”
~ HR Giger, Cinefex, 1979.

“As for the chair in which he sits, I thought it had to be mechanical but not with normal arms and legs that could be moved with the feet or the hands. I liked very much the stone tablet in 2001: A Space Odyssey, because it seemed to have some interior-like computer. So I thought that the outside could be very normal-looking and the whole machinery could go inside.”
~ HR Giger, 1999.

“I wanted a fossil, almost,” said Scott regarding the Space Jockey’s integration with his technology, “one which you’d have a hard time deciding where he leaves off and the chair, on which he died, begins.” In the film, this fossil idea is voiced by Dallas, though the Jockey itself is ossified, not fossilised.

“When you see the so-called Space Jockey they [Fox] said, ‘That set costs half a million dollars and it’s only used one time – it’s economically unfeasible! It’s too damn expensive for that one scene!’
One day by accident I went on an errand to do something on the back of the lot [at Shepperton Studios], and the set was being built – the one they said they wouldn’t let us have. I thought it was miscommunication between the art department and the studio heads. I didn’t tell anybody until about a week before shooting.
I said, ‘Ridley, they built the Space Jockey set.’
He said, ‘Yeah, I know.’
I said, ‘Why didn’t you tell us?’
He said, ‘Because if we told you that, you would never stop asking for anything!’
But you needed that one scene – I call it the Cecil B. DeMille shot – to make it the big movie it was, not a little Roger Corman movie.”
~ Ron Shusett.

The Jockey itself is regarded as a marvel of the movie; a nigh unparalleled sight in the series. Giger himself was humble when describing it, saying: “I modeled it myself, in clay. It was then cast in polyester. I worked particularly on the head, and I painted it. To make the pieces of skin, I put on some latex and then scrubbed it off. Then painted some more. If we had more days, we could have made it better — but I think for the film it’s okay.”

The sad fate of the Jockey prop, as reported in Starlog, 1979.

The sad fate of the Jockey prop, as reported in Starlog, 1979.

The Jockey did not return in any of the sequels (thought the derelict appeared in the Special Edition of Aliens), a fact that Scott lamented: “They missed it!” James Cameron explained that the Space Jockey’s story was something only thinly sketched in Alien, and best left to the original director: “Presumably,” he said, “the derelict pilot (space jockey, big dental patient, etc.) became infected en route to somewhere and set down on the barren planetoid to isolate the dangerous creatures, setting up the warning beacon as his last act. What happened to the creature that emerged from him? Ask Ridley.”

Cameron also mused on the nature of the Jockey: “I could provide plausible answers for [the Space Jockey], but they’re no more valid than anyone else’s. Clearly, the dental patient was a sole crew member on a one-man ship. Perhaps his homeworld did know of his demise, but felt it was pointless to rescue a doomed person. Perhaps he was a volunteer or a draftee on the hazardous mission of bio-isolating these organisms. Perhaps he was a military pilot, delivering the alien eggs as a bio-weapon in some ancient interstellar war humans know nothing of, and got infected inadvertently.” This latter view is an idea that Ridley himself has encouraged throughout the decades, and explored further in Prometheus.

“I always wanted to go back and make an Alien 5 or 6,” Ridley said in the 1999 Alien DVD commentary, “where we find out where they came from and go there and answer the question, who are they? Mars is too close, so they can’t be gods of war, but the theory in my head was, this was an aircraft carrier, a battlewagon of a civilisation, and the eggs were a cargo which were essentially weapons. So right, like a large form of bacteriological/biomechanoid warfare.”

“This Space Jockey I’ve always thought was the driver of the craft,” Scott explained further. “[He is] a perfect example of Giger’s mind, which is ‘where does biology end and technology begin?’ because [Giger] seems to have grafted the creature into what was essentially a pilot’s seat. But clearly from here, this is where the [warning] transmission would emanate from, probably in an automatic transmission… maybe one of the eggs had been disturbed and a creature had got out, had attacked the rest of the crew, don’t ask me where they got to, but he’s pretty gruesome…”

A shaft of light filters through the ship’s oculus, illuminating the long-dead pilot within.
Image copyright, HR Giger.

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The Other Hicks – James Remar

There are several elements of Aliens that were designed to parallel the previous movie – motion trackers, vent sequences, and Aliens being propelled from airlocks were all amplifications of scenes and devices from Alien. Another parallel (completely serendipitous but no less interesting) was the behind-the-scenes loss of a pivotal cast member only days into shooting: Jon Finch as Kane in Alien, and James Remar as Hicks in the sequel.

The cast and crew have remained tight-lipped about Remar’s involvement and departure. The issue isn’t given much weight or coverage, if any, in the making of documentaries on the Quadrilogy and Anthology sets, and lips are generally sealed in interviews. The matter, if referred to, is usually brushed off as typical “creative differences” – but if so, then why the secrecy?

The truth is, the silence of the cast and crew owes more to respect for Remar’s privacy than for any unwillingness or inability to recall the events that led to his replacing by Cameron stalwart Michael Biehn. Remar commented to Starlog magazine in March 1986: “‘It [Aliens] was a four month commitment in a foreign country, which I was willing to make. Unfortunately, urgent matters at home required that I return to the States and attend to them. They got someone else, and I came home and took care of the problems, and moved on to Band of the Hand.”

It wasn’t until recently, when Remar himself commented more explicitly on the issue, that the reason for his firing became clear: “I had a terrible drug problem, but I got through it … I had a great career and personal life, and messed it up with a terrible drug habit.” In a podcast interview, Remar said of his Aliens experience: “I was initially cast as Corporal Hicks, and I was fired after a couple weeks of filming because I got busted for possession of drugs, and Michael Biehn replaced me.”

Remar didn’t just lose his job, but also his credibility with Alien series producer Walter Hill, who had directed Remar in The Warriors, and who likely landed him the audition for the Alien sequel. “Getting fired from Aliens alienated me from [Walter Hill] for twelve years,” Remar explained, “he didn’t hire me again for twelve years. And I know why – because I made him look bad. Y’know, it was fucked up.”

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On the topic of his relationship with Cameron, Remar elucidated, “Y’know, I got to talk with Cameron over the years and I really love the guy. I don’t know if I’ll ever get to work with him again but, y’know, he said I would. And he expressed that, and knows that I’ve been sober all this time and I like what the guy does, I like him … It was an honour to get started, I just wasn’t focused and I fucked it up.”

“Jim asked me to train them, and the main thing I had to teach those guys was never point a weapon at somebody, and never walk around with your finger on the trigger. We use blanks, but they can do some damage. James Remar [before being replaced by Michael Biehn] blew a hole in Frank [Oz’s Little Shop of Horrors] set! With a shotgun!”
~ Al Matthews, Alien Experience interview.

Not much is known about Remar’s performance as Hicks, as no direct footage of him in the role has been released, and apparently, with Biehn’s arrival, Cameron and Biehn reworked the character slightly as Biehn was worried that Hicks may be compared to his Kyle Reese character from The Terminator. But where Reese is feral, alert, nightmare-scarred and even elegiac, Hicks is cool and collected, the platoon’s “rock of Gibraltar, who everyone looks up to,” though he can be prone to acting upon insult (such as when Burke refers to him as a grunt, or his quick decision to “ice” Burke after hearing about his machinations).

Likely, no footage of Remar and Weaver was ever filmed, as the Marines in the Hive were some of the first scenes to go before the camera, as Sigourney was finishing Half Moon Street at the beginning of Aliens’ production, and so non-Ripley scenes were bumped to the beginning of shooting. Footage of Remar in the Hive is in the final film, but his face is never seen. Having already filmed a complex effects shot with him, the production were unable to re-film with Biehn in the role, and instead used editing to cut away once Remar turned his head.

Remar and Cameron on the Aliens set. Despite the firing of Remar, the actor remained professional and cordial throughout the years, recently saying: “I loved Avatar. The funny thing about Avatar is you have to have $200 million dollars worth of effects for people to sit in their seats and watch a very, very simple, cowboys and Indians love story. It’s a very simple script, y’know, but it had integrity.”

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Jon Sorensen: Alien Miniatures Experience

In November 2010 I contacted Jon Sorensen, who had helped build the Nostromo for the original Alien, to ask if he could clarify some questions of mine regarding the film. At the time, Jon was dealing with a personal loss, and said he would get to it at some point, no promises on an ETA, but that he would certainly get back to me. To my surprise and joy, I found this document in my email folder hours later. I would like to send all of my thanks to Jon for taking the time to share his experiences crafting one of the most iconic horror/science fiction movies ever. My regards and best wishes,
~ Valaquen.

I had spent some time studying photography in Glasgow, Scotland, and during that period had been inspired by the astonishing model work on a television series called SPACE: 1999 to the extent that I built my own miniature spaceships and shipped them over to my College to photograph them and strip into star and nebulae art done by myself. These I submitted as assignments to my bemused tutors whom I suspect thought I’d taken leave of my senses.

About this time STAR WARS and CLOSE ENCOUNTERS emerged which fired me up to make contact with luminaries in the film industry. One of these was the visual effects boss on SPACE: 1999, Brian Johnson. People were very kind and I travelled to many film studios and shoots to introduce myself carrying with me my large folio of work. On one of these trips I met Brian Johnson at Shepperton. Brian had written on letter-headed notepaper marked ALIEN, which I took to be the name of his company. Brian was sufficiently impressed by my selection of photographs, spaceships, landscapes, abstract composites and aerial photographs to say he might be able to use me on a film he was doing. He wanted photographic plates for the composites and said he was building some spacecraft miniatures which he felt I could probably help with. The film was ALIEN. Brian mentioned I would be on the film 10 weeks. I was on ALIEN for a year. It was the seminal miniature building and photography experience of my professional film life, despite doing much work on many other mainstream studio films subsequently. This was the background to my joining the miniatures and VFX crew on ALIEN at Bray and Shepperton Studios. What follows is a personal and subjective stream of artistic recollections which led to the final Academy Award winning result on Ridley Scott’s best film to date, ALIEN (1979).

I arrived at Bray Studios near Windsor around mid-day on 24 June 1978 carrying a small suitcase and £60.00, all the money I had in the world. (I had turned down a place at Harrow Art College on a film degree course to take up this job on ALIEN, which I felt then and have since to be the absolutely correct choice. The next year was to prove this. When the ALIEN crew finished work and disbanded a year later I cried for two days knowing something very special had passed). When I entered the workshop I was greeted amicably by what would turn out to be an extraordinary group of artists from all walks of life’s spectrum. Moreover, my eye was caught by the hulking shell of something being constructed in its early stages, the NOSTROMO tug. I was transfixed. One drawing by Ron Cobb, whom I later met on a few occasions, showing a yellow spacecraft also caught my eye and this turned out to be the basis of the model under construction. This had been built by Ron Hone and Brian Eke. It transpired that they and we were to be given a pretty wide latitude of creative decisions over the models since they had had to interpret this Cobb drawing as they saw fit. (There were never any blueprints for any of the miniatures). The Cobb drawing became our mantra and inspiration.

Ron Cobb’s ‘Nostromo A’.

I was put straight to work. The first section I was given was the whole detachable back section of the large NOSTROMO model, the part containing the rocket motors and engines. We were subsequently all given responsibility for sections and out of this the whole grew organically. I found myself working alongside Simon Deering, John Pakenham, Ron Hone and Bill Pearson on these tasks. Eventually the large NOSTROMO was completed, artworked and sprayed the required and agreed yellow and moved to the shooting stage, whereupon we then started constructing the large refinery in the workshop. While tests were being shot on the tug, I was sent to take large plate photographs of it plus a collection of 35mm reference shots from which I was then to spend an additional 6 weeks painstakingly recreating all the detail on a smaller version, about 5 feet long, (the large version was easily 10 feet long, the given supposed real life size of NOSTROMO being 800 feet from nose to rear engine).

The actual refinery we were directed to make look “Victorian Gothic” by Ridley Scott. The miniature was around 14 feet square with the four towers, taken from a Ridley sketch, standing around 5 feet tall. The supposed length of this refinery was one and a half miles. Again we took responsibility for sections. Using a natural sense of design we were supposedly hired for, each of these sections was micro-managed by the person doing it to suggest a balance and precision almost in a real graphic sense. Point and counterpoint and balanced “visual weight”. Again it grew organically amongst the many hands, using plexiglass scored to suggest detail and sections, EMA tubing for running pipes, storage tanks, some hobby kits for fine detail. There was a lot of detail on that miniature. We spent about three months doing the bulk of it and it looked stunning, otherworldly, “retrospective futuristic” and entirely credible. It had to definitely suggest an Earth origin so as to underpin the surprise when the audience saw the “alien derelict” and space jockey later in the film’s visuals and story.

The Nostromo, seen here in an early test shot, was originally painted yellow. When Ridley arrived at Bray Studios after shooting the bulk of the film’s interior footage at Pinewood, he decided that the ship should be repainted a gun-metal gray. All of the previously shot spaceship footage had to be scrapped as a consequence.

My abiding memories of this construction period are camaraderie, humour, creative freedom and a certain innocence, co-operation, support, two wonderful bosses, Brian Johnson and Nick Allder, coupled with our oxygen at the time; the wonderful and heady smells of plastics, adhesives, paint, wood, fibre-glass, the sight of sections of pure sci-fi being put together everywhere you looked and an overall feeling of working on something worthwhile which we all felt. One even took a personal emotive view of the models. Being a film fan, I was aware, for example that Jon Finch at that time had been cast as Kane in the movie, our movie, and I remember thinking “Cool, Jon Finch is going to be flying in this spaceship”. This is how one humanised the models and really felt that they and we were part of this very special feeling project and that we were all telling a story together and had a personal investment in it. It was a small movie, hand-made, no computers. Every piece of detail on those models felt important. The Associate Producer, Ivor Powell, visited us and once said, tongue firmly in cheek, “You guys are having way too much fun”.  The feeling at Bray, bathed as the whole enterprise was, in one of the sunniest, warmest summers any of us could remember, was notable and infectious. The sunshine was just as well at that period for I then requested to move to the model shooting stage for the next 6 months where I not only fulfilled my own stills work but assisted in the shooting of the 33 storyboarded spacecraft shots required for the movie.

We had completed all of using the Yellow/Green NOSTROMO. Fitted out with hundreds of feet of fibre optics to suggest windows and practicals, she was beautiful. Utilising a grid plotting system devised by Brian Johnson and Nicky Allder for SPACE: 1999, we shot original negative in the camera, simply rewinding the film as much as 18 times to produce the beautiful composites in-camera. Ridley Scott then arrived from Shepperton to take an interest in the models and everything changed radically in terms of tone, colour and look. The yellow was sprayed over a uniform grey. Sections were rebuilt. We started over, discarding all previous footage. There was no anger at this. Surprise maybe. But it was Ridley Scott’s film. We liked him. So we entered the ALIEN model shoot Part Deux. I recall Bill Pearson and I talking once on what we thought was an empty, lunch-time model stage when a voice spoke from the shadows. Ridley, asking what we were discussing. We answered that maybe that part might look better moved over to there, (we were discussing the refinery). He smiled back and I guess that signalled what was true; we’d go all the way to help him. That night he bought both Bill and I a beer, a move which astonished the Assistant Director, Ray Beckett who complained that in 10 years of working with Ridley, he’d never been bought a beer. So we bought Ray one instead.

The remainder of the shoot was fluid, adaptive, ever-changing and involved very long days. It was, even so, a pleasure. Ridley constructed all his shots through the viewfinder,  experimenting and learning, often involving models being pulled to pieces on the spot and dressed to camera. We got there. But it was and remains a great pity that the original yellow NOSTROMO was obliterated, the footage discarded. Beautiful composites and a spacecraft which hadn’t been seen up to that time set against original negative deep space nebulae,  unseen planets and twin suns, all of which made you feel light years away in “alien” territory where anything could and was scripted to happen in the Lovecraftian nightmare Dan O’Bannon had created on the page. (I was given a script to read when I arrived on ALIEN, and have never since been so excited and taken with the possibilities).

“Victorian Gothic” – the Nostromo’s refinery drifting through space.

The dark sense of impending chaos where mankind counted as nothing that Dan penned has been largely discarded in all the sequels. The dark forces hinted at dispelled by “smart” machine gun fire and nuclear weapons. The genius of ALIEN was to suggest through Dan’s script, Ridley’s vision as conductor of everyone’s input and Giger’s occultish designs a universe totally ALIEN. Threatening, unreasoning, “dark forces” ,which once made aware of man, would simply sweep him away or see him in a truly predatory sense, something simply to be harvested.

It would be a blessing to get back to that “sense of wonder”. Still and all, it was a life event to have been a small part of the genesis in 1978-79, working with a unique crew at a unique time on this hand-made ribbon of dreams. A true labour of love and a seminal professional experience for all who were lucky enough to have been there on this most human of projects. A movie landmark where all the creative and cosmic tumblers actually came into perfect alignment.

Jon Sorensen

3 November 2010.

Jon with the Nostromo refinery's underside, 1978.

Jon with the Nostromo refinery’s underside, 1978.

Visit Jon at http://www.jonsorensen.co.uk/

This essay, and an album of very rare photographs, have been added to Jon’s Alien-orientated site. Visit Recollections of Alien!

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Carrie Henn, 1995

Originally published in EMPIRE magazine, May 1995.

Carrie Henn and grunts at the UK’s Alien War attraction.

In 1985, Carrie Henn was a 9 year old growing up on a US Air Force base near Cambridge. One day, some strange movie people came scouting for a photogenic little girl. Pictures taken, they returned from whence they came, and she thought no more of it. Then, out of the blue, the phone rang and a man, calling himself a casting director, inquired whether Henn would like to come to London to try out for a film called Aliens. And so she did.

“We thought it was as an extra,” giggles Henn, now a frightening 18, down the phone from her Californian home. “Then they said, ‘by the way, did you know it was the co-star?’ I was like, ‘Ohh…’”

She got the part, and, for someone who had never acted before, did quite a stunning job as the gutsy, lone survivor on the Alien infested outpost. Listening to Henn chat about it now, you get the sense that many of Newt’s indomitable qualities came naturally. For instance, the notion of acting alongside slime-dripping , acid-toothed horrors… “Actually, it wasn’t scary,” recounts Henn matter-of-factly. “The crew were always trying to scare me, but they couldn’t. I never got scared until I saw the movie – even though I knew what was coming.”

What about the violence and swearing – the kind of stuff that is meant to affect kids for life? Henn sighs before replying. “I think my parents might have been a bit worried I would let it go to my head, the language and stuff, but I heard worse at school.”

Henn is still sound of mind and swapping letters with Sigourney Weaver. Although lately they’ve got a bit lax on the correspondence front. The last time they spoke was at the premiere of Alien 3, when the big lady gave her former co-star a jacket emblazoned with “Carrie Henn, Aliens.”

Wasn’t she a bit miffed Newt was killed so mercilessly? “Yeah, a bit. I heard a lot of different stories, there were a lot of scripts. I know that James Cameron had planned to have Hicks, Ripley and me in Alien 3, to have a family-type thing … Still, life goes on.”

For Henn that means a life without acting. She’s attending college and plans to become a kindergarten teacher after university. Life, indeed, goes on…

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Fury

Fiorina 161’s oppressive and bleak beachside is attended by creaking, derelict cranes and structures, manned only by prisoner labour whenever the surface is intermittently hospitable.

“The E.E.V tumbling end over end as if unguided and out of control, within the pull of Fiorina’s gravity field,” reads one draft of Alien 3. The escape pod burns through the stormy sky, observed at a distance by prisoner Clemens, “gaunt in a way that suggests the years have been filled with suffering of a kind we are never meant to wholly understand … Wind whips at his plastic protection. At his feet, the dark sand is alive with tiny iridescent insects.” The E.E.V turns white-hot, flares through the clouds, and “disappears over the horizon line of a black sea in a turmoil of whitecaps.” Ripley has arrived.

For the crash, a plate of the sea exploding under the impact of the E.E.V. was shot, with the escape pod itself to be composited later. “The director wanted enormous explosions [for the crash],” explained George Gibbs, who headed the special effects team responsible. “Some were as big as eighteen hundred feet wide, with water towers that went one hundred twenty to one hundred fifty feet in the air. It was difficult because Fincher wanted a really rough looking sea and it was nearly impossible to work in those conditions.”

Like Acheron/LV-426 of Alien and Aliens, Fiorina 161 is unfriendly or at least indifferent to its human inhabitants. Grey and grim with roiling stormclouds and rust-tipped mountain peaks, the only organism crawling its surface apart from the few humans we encounter in the movie are swathes of lice, whose presence necessitates that the human population shed their hair and adopt an impersonal and uniform look. Oxen -beasts of burden- are apparently brought in for a lifetime of toil and a destiny in the prison’s meat locker. Fiorina is Hell by night and Limbo by day.

“This is Fiorina, and it’s supposed to look very toxic, so I played around with toxic materials, and I used razor blades and all sorts of tools to get texture. And this [matte painting] had to be so large because they had the miniature [E.E.V.] coming in and turning to crash.”
~ Michelle Moen, Alien 3’s Matte Dept. Supervisor.

In a nod to other cinematic landscapes, matte painter Paul Lasaine added to his painting of the Fiorina refineries [image at the top of the page] distant towers styled after the stacks from Blade Runner‘s famous ‘Los Angeles 2019’ opening shot – details which you’re unlikely to have a chance of spotting in Alien 3 due to the overlapping effects and the diminutiveness of the painted towers. Allegedly, the Tyrell Pyramid structure is also in there, somewhere. An obvious similarity with another cinematic alien world is Fury’s twin suns – perhaps a tip of the hat to Star Wars‘ Tattooine sunset. The shores of Fiorina were filmed on the dreary Blast Beach at Seaham and at Blyth Power Station – perfect for the planet’s monochromatic landscape, and was apparently shot by Jordan Cronenwerth [Blade Runner again] before he left the production.

“It was a terrific looking spot. There had been a colliery nearby and they had dropped all their slag onto the beach. So the sand was black and the water had a real brackish look to it.”
~ Rich Fitcher, Boss Effects Co-Supervisor.

“Deep space on this particular planet is not zip-fasteners and lycra,” explained Charles Dance, who plays Ripley’s seaside saviour, Clemens. “The look is deeply depressing – very gray, underlit and somber … [The prisoners are] a pretty sad lot, but they’ve all managed to survive long-term imprisonment against all odds in this dreadful environment.” For the shots of Clemens wandering the dust-swept planet, a facility set was built on a studio backlot.

“Actually, this script has retained the look of a religious community,” continues Dance. “The men have embraced a sort of strange religious cult in this prison. Some of the prison inmates are homosexual, but they’ve all taken a vow of celibacy, so nobody does anything to anybody. All the costumes are very monk-like, colored in grays and browns. We have these wonderful hooded coats which reach right to the floor, and which are made out of government surplus tents. The look is both monk-like and menacing… [Clemens is] very much a loner, and not at all popular with the other members of the staff.”

“The movie originally began with me walking along this strange, weird, desolate beach, with a lot of huge, derrick-like construction all around. We were going to shoot it in Newcastle, but FOX decided they couldn’t afford it, so in the end we built this wonderful, great big beach on the backlot of Pinewood. It was very cold, and we had these huge wind machines, so I was breathing in dust all the time. And I was running along this ridge carrying Sigourney, having just rescued her from the crashed ship. The scene was shot over two days, and was very uncomfortable.”
~ Charles Dance, Fangoria, 1992.

Explaining the role of his character, Dance is blunt: “To be honest, the powers that be at 20th Century Fox simply decided it was time that Ripley had a man – that’s my principal role in this picture. We find each other, because neither of us has had a partner in God knows how long, and we’re drawn to each other. Clemens reacts to this pretty nervously – he’s not sure whether he can handle it, since it’s been such a long time for him. The other men on the colony are very threatened by Ripley’s presence, and to some extent, they blame her for bringing this disaster -the Alien- with her.”

The bulk of Fury’s exterior scenes were filmed but ultimately cut from the theatrical release, though they were restored to the 2003 Assembly Cut. These included Clemens discovering Ripley washed up on the beach, carrying her back inside the facility, and the prisoners utilising oxen to haul the E.E.V. from the sea.

“I thought it [the excised intro] made a major difference, because the beach scene set up these inmates and the environment and the fact that the doctor was a loner. All those things were very important, and the fact that you saw the way they worked, and that it was very barren, and it was just these odd moments that they could get outside and that they used Stone Age type gear – those scenes at the front were invaluable to the film. To see her [Ripley] brought into the place, you saw what it was like, you saw all those bugs and other stuff. It just set the whole place up and what it was. And we never had that.”
~ Terry Rawlings, Alien and Alien 3 editor.

For the shots of the fiery refineries shown at the film’s climax, Richard Edlund and his team at Boss constructed a miniature set out of cardboard, foam core and other pieces, Edlund: “From the standpoint of our task on Alien 3, we had to create the Alien [miniature rod puppet], but we also had to help create the environment, so we did numerous miniatures and matte paintings, one of which was the furnace set, which was a pretty nice Blade Runner-esque shot.”

Because they wanted the hellish landscape to have depth, a matte painting was dismissed and a set built with a shoestring budget attached. Forced perspective gave the added depth necessary and the crew smoked up the studio for a hellfire vibe.

Hell by night. The shots of the smouldering prison facility and its furnaces were inspired by the opening shots of Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner.

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Biomechanoids

Alien Warrior

“Tight on several walls and ceiling niches as they come alive. Bone-like, tube-like shapes shift, becoming emerging Aliens. Dimly glimpsed, glints of slime. Silhouettes…”
~ Aliens script.

Recreating the star beast of Alien was arguably the sequel’s most deciding task. HR Giger’s original creature had reached near-mythic status among science-fiction and horror fans, but Aliens writer and director James Cameron wanted to do more than simply recreate the first eponymous Alien – he wanted to adapt Giger’s monster to the new, more grounded environment of Hadley’s Hope, reshape it for war whilst staying true to the original design, and make additions to the creature’s overall mythos without veering too wildly away from O’Bannon and Giger’s creation.

Copying Giger wholesale would have been straightforward, but Cameron felt that doing so would be a cop-out, and as an artist and designer himself, he wanted to have an influence on the Alien’s appearance. One immediate problem to tackle was the sheer number of creatures assaulting the screen.

Given that the budget would only allow the creation of several Alien suits (the original had been manufactured at the cost of more than $250,000) and considering that the original suit made several movements “impossible” (according to performer Bolaji Badejo), Cameron and Winston found that slavishly re-creating it was not a viable move to make. Instead, they used black unitards and pieced parts of the Alien form over the top of the material. As the emphasis was on merely suggesting the look and shape of the creature, rather than over-exposing it, the dark unitard would be hidden in shadow, with only the highlights of the Alien marauders visible in the strobing lights and muzzle flash.

The script for the first encounter between the Colonial Marines and the Aliens constantly refers to the creatures in physically ambiguous terms, describing them as “nightmarish figure[s]”, “dark shapes”, “silhouettes”, and the encounter itself as a “battle of phantoms” – though you saw more Aliens, you didn’t see more of them.

Xenomorph: Gorman refers to the unknown alien as a “Xenomorph”, a supposedly generic term in the USCM for an unidentified alien being. The term itself is a carry-over from an earlier Cameron project called Mother. “In Mother, humans have plundered Earth and look to exploit another planet,” explained Cameron. “In addition to mines on this planet, the Company sets up stations devoted to research and development. Because the planet’s environment is dangerous to humans, a ‘xenomorph,’ my term for a genetically engineered alien creature, is created based on a local life form in order to serve the needs of the Company.”

For Alien, Ridley Scott opted to show his creature in quick cuts or in the flash of a stroboscopic light for several reasons. Firstly, the suit was so unwieldy and cumbersome that it looked ridiculous when fully exposed. “It helped that the creature was so bad,” stated HR Giger, “because Ridley could only show it in glimpses.”

Nick Allder told Don Shay at Cinefex: “At one point the script called for it to run up and down the corridors like a human being; but when we finally got the finished costume … we found it would look ridiculous to see this thing running around – it would give the whole thing away immediately.”

The original Alien suit was meticulously crafted, but ultimately unwieldy and cumbersome. Many shots took an inordinate amount of time to set up and film, and most footage was thrown away. Cameron’s Alien suits on the other hand would be inhabited by dancers and gymnasts who needed maximum mobility. Here, we can also see Giger’s ribbed cranium and spike design, which was brought back to the surface for the sequel.

Stan Winston and his team crafted a series of 8 foot tall Alien puppets that could be set into inhuman poses and could also be rigged to explode when fired upon, spraying acid in all directions. The team also exposed Giger’s ridged cranium and smoothed over the eye sockets to retain the eyeless menace of the creature, though two barely legible indents mark the sockets.

Cameron’s Aliens would be required to run, leap, vault, crawl, climb, descend, and spring from the floor as well as the ceiling. Such movements were planned for Alien, but scrapped due to the suit’s logistics. During filming of the original, performer Bolaji Badejo bowed out of the Brett death scene due to discomfort: “I couldn’t do it,” he told Cinefantastique, “I was held up by a harness around my stomach, and I was suffocating trying to make these movements.”

Badejo also claimed that when crawling out of the bulkhead space inside the Narcissus, the Alien suit would split almost every time: “I must’ve ripped the suit two or three times coming out, and each time I’d climb down, the tail would rip off!”

Ridley had also planned sequences with the Alien roaring towards Dallas in the vents, “running and jumping full-circle around the walls” to snatch the Nostromo’s captain, but the logistics of the suit (in addition to being unable to build tunnel-like vent sets) curbed these ideas. “Ridley had a lot more ideas than what you see on the screen,” Badejo elaborated, “but some things were impossible.”

Considering the athletic abilities required for the new movie, the original suit’s fragility and cumbersome fit was not something that could be tolerated for the sequel. James Cameron: “I put the old [Alien] suit on myself, so that I could understand from standing outside what it was like to be inside … And I couldn’t see anything. I knew I would never get the kind of movements I wanted from the actors in that suit.”

He explained further: “I went more for motion as opposed to design. We kept the design more or less the same as [Alien] … We spent most of our R&D time on motion because I thought that quick blurring, lizard-like, or insect-like leap was more important than the physical, sculptural design of the suit. And I think that that’s a mistake that a lot of make-up and prosthetics people make when they’re dealing with this sort of thing is that they lavish all their attention on the sculptural detail –the surface texture, etc.– and they fail to realize that people need very few pixels of information to identify a human figure, and most of that identification is through motion. The way we walk is so ingrained in us mentally that you can see it just like that. So what we did was we actually re-designed the suit and made it simpler and less sophisticated and basically freed it so that it was much more flexible.”

“The silhouette of the Alien was the most important thing, and we were able to get that with these suits that were literally black leotards with pieces glued onto them. That gave the performers complete mobility, which allowed Jim to put them on wires and make them crawl up walls and flip the camera upside down so that it looked as if they were scurrying across the ceiling.”
~ Stan Winston, The Winston Effect, 2006.

“I think the biggest design changes when you went from Alien to Aliens was the fact that, technically, the suits were far simplified. That was in an effort to gain them maximum mobility. Cameron knew exactly how he was gonna shoot these things. He knew how it was going to be an interplay between shadow and light on these things. That was the whole element of the Aliens that he wanted to get across on film, seeing the movement of living creatures coming out of the dark and into the light, moving through the light and never really focusing, never studying them.”
~ Tom Woodruff, Making of Aliens, 2003.

One problem for the production was replicating the immense size of the Aliens. “For Alien,” explained Cameron, “they went out of their way to find a very tall person to be inside the suit – Bolaji Badejo was something like seven feet tall. We knew right off that we weren’t going to find ten people who were seven feet tall.”

Cameron’s concerns were allayed when he realised that Badejo only featured in certain scenes, with some of the first, infamous shots of the creature with Brett and Dallas being played by the smaller Eddie Powell. With careful editing and suggestion, Ridley Scott had fooled many viewers into thinking the Alien was consistently large.

“In studying Alien,” said Cameron, “we found that there was really only one shot in the entire film that shows a direct scale relationship between the creature and a human being. In all other shots, it exists separately in the frame.”

Cameron utilised Scott’s power of suggestion and editing, whilst eight-foot-tall puppets crafted by Stan Winston filled in for a larger performer (so technically speaking, the Aliens in the sequel are a full foot taller than Badejo. Or at least the puppets are.) Stunt performer Eddie Powell, who played the Alien as it kills Brett and snatches Dallas, also returned to don the suit.

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Bolaji as the Alien, contrasted to Stan Winston’s 8 foot tall puppets

To aid them in the specifics of the Alien’s design, Twentieth Century Fox shipped the original suit to Winston’s crew. “Our shop used to be on Parthenia Street,” explained Winston employee Shane Mahan, “and Stan says, ‘Look, there’s a big crate coming from London, about the size of a coffin and when it comes in, we have got to take a look at what is inside.’ … Fox had sent us the original suit … we uncrated it and of course the horrible smell of decaying rubber and sweat and all of that came pouring out, but there at the bottom of this thing were all of the components to what Giger had built. It was ratty and a bit torn up, but it was like, ‘There it is! There’s the monster right there!’ It was astonishing … It was definitely an inspiration.”

When they looked at the suit they found it was littered with bottle caps, macaroni pieces, oysters, bones, as well as pieces of a Rolls-Royce, all embedded onto the suit and sprayed black. For their own suits, instead of tacking and sewing pieces onto the rubber, they opted to form the tubing and pipes as small cohesive wholes or plates that could simply be glued onto the spandex undersuits in easy-to-fit chunks.

Stan Winston: “Details that were obviously tacked onto the first one -little hoses and things- we worked at in a sculptural way so that the organic and inorganic elements blended together better.”

 “We pulled this thing [the original Alien suit] out of a crate, and it was unbelievable to see how it had been constructed. It had black, hand-painted macaroni pieces glued all over it to give it texture, with black-painted bottle caps at the waist. And the feet were just black Converse tennis shoes, covered with a slip-latex skin! When we got this thing out, put it on a mannequin, and saw it in broad daylight, it was amazing to see what Ridley Scott had gotten away with just by using slime and careful lighting and the right camera angles.”
~ Howard Berger, The Winston Effect, 2006.

Though the body remained the same between the first two films, and the feet and hands received only minor adjustments, the most obvious change was to the Alien’s head. For the original film, HR Giger designed a ‘ribbed’ cranium with a skull placed at the forefront. This head was covered up with the famous dome, hiding the design underneath (though it can be spotted in some behind-the-scenes shots.) Initially, the Aliens of the sequel were to also have domed heads, but when Cameron considered the logistics he ordered that they were removed in favour of the ribbed head underneath.

Winston employee Alec Gillis explained: “We built [the suits] so that they were more durable; they could go on and off quickly and that they wouldn’t have pieces that might be more susceptible to breaking. For instance, the dome on the Alien, Jim [Cameron] just wanted to remove it, he thought it would be a hassle, was afraid of it cracking or it having to be replaced – we’d have to cut [filming] and switch the dome [if it broke mid-shot.]”

Winston Studios employee Shane Mahan elaborated further: “We built it [a domed Alien head] and it looked beautiful. We built it in England and we put it all together and thought it looked great and then Jim said, ‘Take the dome off. Those are going to come off and fall or maybe break during all of the stunts.’ We were like, ‘No, you can’t!’ He had us remove it and that became its own look there for a long time, sort of a more streamlined thing, but it was originally meant to have that piece on it. I think someplace we have photos of it. We all loved the first movie. We wanted to… almost to a fault… where we were trying to replicate it so much and Jim would say, ‘No, let’s make it our own thing! It’s got to be kind of its own creature,’ and we finally got the concept and what he was trying to do.”

Aside from being more feasible from a technical standpoint, Cameron also liked the design of the ridged head, feeling it was a worthy enough feature to adopt as part of the Alien’s physical aesthetic. “We planned to [have a domed head] with ours,” he explained in The Winston Effect, “and to that end Stan Winston had Tom Woodruff sculpt up a ribbed, bone-like understructure that would fit underneath and be slightly visible through the cowl. When it was finished, they gave it a real nice paint job, and then I took a look at it and I said, ‘Hey, this looks much more interesting the way it is.’ So we ditched the cowl and decided that this was just another generation of Aliens – slightly mutated.'”

To stay faithful to the eyeless menace of Kane’s Son, Cameron smoothed over the front carapace of the Alien’s head, excising the skull and leaving the creature faceless and unknowable (Cameron’s explanation of the fear-provoking nature of the Alien was that it was predominately all teeth – the last thing you see before being devoured by a predator.)

Though the design was essentially his own, HR Giger missed the domed head from the original movie when watching Aliens, as much as he liked the sequel, commenting: “Aliens was also terrific. I am sorry I was not asked to work on it. At first I thought, ‘This is like a war film,’ but it is really powerful. But I didn’t like the ribbed cranium of the Alien warrior, although you couldn’t see the Aliens very much. However I loved the Alien Queen designed by James Cameron.”

Alien heads.

The lycra/spandex suits with pieces glued on top.

Cameron called Aliens a war film, and in war films there are casualties on both sides, and sometimes you have to be Machiavellian or even self-destructive in order to win or preserve your society as a whole, and the Aliens in the sequel do precisely that. The Alien in the first film was likened to, by Dan O’Bannon  an inexperienced and curious child, albeit an extraterrestrial one: “It’s never been subject to its own culture, it’s never been subject to anything except a few hours in the hold of the ship.” Ridley described it as a self-propagating machine, a “biomechanical insect.”

The Aliens of the second film were likened to the Viet Cong or guerrilla fighters in that they are a hidden, nigh-on irrepressible, non-technological and not-at-all battle shy force. They’ve been to war before with the colonists. They’re essentially an army. They manage to mobilise themselves before demoralising and decimating their enemy. James Cameron told Starlog magazine: “The Aliens are terrifying in their overwhelming force of numbers. The dramatic situations emerging from characters under stress can work just as well in an Alamo or Zulu Dawn as they can in a Friday the 13th, with its antagonist.”

When the Marines wander inside the Alien nest, they find … nothing. At first. The biomechanic appearance of the Aliens allows them to meld perfectly within the walls of the Hive. They slide out of their holes and the walls begin to treacle down towards the troopers on the ground…

ANGLE ON WALL as something begins to emerge. Dimly glimpsed, a glistening bio-mechanoid creature larger then a man. Lying dormant, it had blended perfectly with the convoluted surface of fused bone. The troopers don't see it. Smoke from the burning cocoons quickly fills the confined space. Visibility drops to zero...

ANGLE ON WALL as something begins to emerge. Dimly glimpsed, a glistening bio-mechanoid creature larger then a man. Lying dormant, it had blended perfectly with the convoluted surface of fused bone. The troopers don’t see it. Smoke from the burning cocoons quickly fills the confined space. Visibility drops to zero…

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